Quadrant Model of Reality: Quadrant Model of Reality Book 4 Science More

QMRRobert L. Moore, Jungian analyst and professor of psychology and religion, cites Jesus Christ as expressing four archetypal patterns found in the male psyche: the Warrior (in wrestling with his inner demons in the desert and at Gethsemane);[12] the Lover (in radicalizing the commandment to love our neighbors);[13] the Magician (in changing water to wine, feeding the thousands, and healing the sick);[14] and the King (in generating the Kingdom of God, and in identifying himself with the way to the Father).

QMRIn "A Psychological Approach to the Doctrine of the Trinity",[6] again by tenet #1 Jung interprets the Father as the self, the source of energy within the psyche; the Son as an emergent structure of consciousness that replaces the self-alienated ego; and the Holy Spirit as a mediating structure between the ego and the self. However, Jung believed that the psyche moves toward completion in fours(made up of pairs of opposites), and that therefore (using tenet #3 above) the Christian formulation of the Trinity would give way to a quaternity by including missing aspects (e.g. the feminine and evil). (This analysis prompted Jung to send a congratulatory note to Pope Pius XII in 1950 upon the adoption of the doctrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, to wit completing the quaternity.)

QMRWhen making observations, scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on. Generally, on a basic level, they can agree on what they see, e.g., the thermometer shows 37.9 degrees C. But, if these scientists have different ideas about the theories that have been developed to explain these basic observations, they may disagree about what they are observing. For example, before Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, observers would have likely interpreted the image at left as five different objects in space. In light of that theory, however, astronomers will tell you that is actually only two objects, one in the center and four different images of the same object around the sides. Alternatively, if other scientists suspect that something is wrong with the telescope and only one object is actually being observed, they are operating under yet another theory. Observations that cannot be separated from theoretical interpretation are said to be theory-laden.[16]

All observation involves both perception and cognition. That is, one does not make an observation passively, but rather is actively engaged in distinguishing the phenomenon being observed from surrounding sensory data. Therefore, observations are affected by one's underlying understanding of the way in which the world functions, and that understanding may influence what is perceived, noticed, or deemed worthy of consideration. In this sense, it can be argued that all observation is theory-laden.[16]

QMRThe earlier in development, the greater the estimate of parental power. When one defuses into rivalry with the parental imago, then one feels the 'dictatorial thou shalt' to manifest the power the imago represents. Four general levels are found in Freud's work: the auto-erotic, the narcissistic, the anal, and the phallic.[3] These different levels of development and the relations to parental imagos correspond to specific id forms of aggression and affection. For example, aggressive desires to decapitate, to dismember, to cannibalize, to swallow whole, to suck dry, to make disappear, to blow away, etc. animate myths, are enjoyed in fantasy and horror movies, and are observable in the fantasies and repressions of patients across cultures.

QMRJungian Type Index

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jungian Type Index (JTI) is an alternative to the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Introduced by Optimas in 2001,[1] the JTI was developed over a 10-year period in Norway by psychologists Thor Ødegård and Hallvard E: Ringstad. The JTI was designed to help capture individuals' preferred usage of the psychological functions identified by Carl Jung in his book Psychological Types, such as thinking vs feeling and sensing vs intuition.

The JTI's questions and methodology for identifying the preferred functions differs from the MBTI. For example it eliminates word pairs, which can be troublesome to translate from English into other languages.[citation needed] In many languages, the sentence context frames the meaning of a word, while in English the words themselves may denote more meaning.

Overview[edit]

Similar to the MBTI, the JTI identifies 4 categories from which the 16 types are formed: Extraversion/Introversion, Intuiting/Sensing, Thinking/Feeling, Perceiving/Judging. A personality type is reached through an examination or introspection about these categories. For example, an Intuiting, Thinking, Judging Extrovert would be classified as an ENTJ. However, further complexity lies below this surface-level classification. Each personality types has its associated Jungian cognitive functions, which aim to further explain the ways in which each type perceives and interacts with reality. Each type has all 4 of the cognitive functions (Thinking, Feeling, Intuiting, and Sensing) arranged in a different order and with different levels of introversion/extroversion. Of the two middle letters of any type, one will be the primary function with which they interact with the world, and one will be the auxiliary. For example, an ENTJ's primary function is (extraverted) Thinking, and their secondary function is (introverted) Intuiting.[2]

Commercialization[edit]

Though it is relatively unknown in the United States, but it has won some market shares in Scandinavia although the original MBTI tool is still the most commonly used. In Norway and Sweden,[3] the JTI is also gaining users, in conjunction with other tools that complement the JTI for career development and coaching.[citation needed] It also has distributors in the Netherlands, China, and Germany.[4]

In addition to Model A, two other models are in wide use by socionists. Model B, created by Aleksandr Bukalov, is designed to reconcile the socionics standpoint with the so-called "Model J" (Jung's outlook) and uses sixteen functional components instead of eight. The model uses the same eight functions as Model A, but further differentiates them by attributing positive and negative polarities to each.[132] Model B also refines Model A's strong/weak concept by attributing vectors of dimensionality to each function.[127] This allows it to describe with precision why some functions are relied on more than others.

The four dimensions are

Globality (also thought of as "time")

Situation

Cultural normatives

Experience

Experience is the lowest dimension; globality is the highest. The importance of the dimension system lies in its clarification of the differences between strong and weak functions. Although any type may learn information specific to any function with adequate study, only the strong functions have the vectors of situation which are required to create new knowledge. The types are thus reliant on each other in their search for understanding.[citation needed]

Temperaments[edit]

Viktor Gulenko's hypothesis of the existence of four temperaments in socionics is as follows.[131]

Extraverted Rational Temperament (Ej). Extraverted rational types, namely the ESE, EIE, LIE, and LSE, are characterized by energetic and proactive behavior. (close to choleric temperament)

Introverted Rational Temperament (Ij). Introverted rational types, namely the LII, LSI, ESI, and EII, are characterized by slow and methodical behavior. (close to phlegmatic temperament)

Extraverted Irrational Temperament (Ep). Extraverted irrational types, namely the ILE, SLE, SEE, and IEE, are characterized by impulsive and unpredictable behavior. (close to sanguine temperament)

Introverted Irrational Temperament (Ip). Introverted irrational types, namely the SEI, IEI, ILI, and SLI, are characterized by lack of motivation, inertia, and unstable moods and energy levels. (close to melancholic temperament)

Beside Gulenko's, there are several other theories of correlation between temperaments and socionic types, although almost all socionic authors support Eysenck's view that temperaments do correlate with the E/I factor.[citation needed]

Groups of types[edit]

Quadras[edit]

A quadra is a group of four types in which only identity, dual, activity, and mirror relations occur. Quadras are distinguished by offering the greatest degree of psychological comfort among all groups containing four types. The feeling of comfort and harmony produced by the quadra is due to the fact that all types in the quadra seek to give expression to the shared set of information elements in their ego and super-id blocks and to de-emphasize the information elements in their super-ego and id blocks.[citation needed]

Similar to the harmony of types within the same quadra, opposing forces also exist. If one were to put the four quadras in a circle, alpha-beta-gamma-delta, the two quadras facing each other would be opposing quadras and consist entirely of quasi-identical, conflictor, super-ego, and extinguishment relations. A person surrounded by people of the opposing type will often feel uneasy and out of place, due to the fact that all the people around them either lead with or seek for their weakest function. That type of interaction is often the basis for inherent misunderstandings between seemingly similar people (as in the case of the quasi-identical) or two people who seem to offend each other at every turn (often found in conflicting relations).[citation needed]

The Quadras

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

Delta

ILE (ENTp)

SEI (ISFp/ISFJ)

ESE (ESFj)

LII (INTj/INTP)

EIE (ENFj)

LSI (ISTj/ISTP)

SLE (ESTp)

IEI (INFp/INFJ)

SEE (ESFp)

ILI (INTp/INTJ)

LIE (ENTj)

ESI (ISFj/ISFP)

LSE (ESTj)

EII (INFj/INFP)

IEE (ENFp)

SLI (ISTp/ISTJ)

Clubs[edit]

Clubs are groups that reflect spheres of activity.[citation needed] There are 4 clubs, each with 4 types:

Pragmatists (ST): ESTp, ESTj, ISTp, ISTj; or SLE, LSE, SLI, LSI

Researchers (NT): ENTp, ENTj, INTp, INTj; or ILE, LIE, ILI, LII

Socials (SF): ESFp, ESFj, ISFp, ISFj; or SEE, ESE, SEI, ESI

Humanitarians (NF): ENFp, ENFj, INFp, INFj; or IEE, EIE, IEI, EII

Key: Du - Duality; Ac - Activation; Sd - Semi-duality; Mg - Mirage; Mr - Mirror; Id - Identity; Cp - Cooperation; Cg - Congenerity; QI - Quasi-Identity; Ex - Extinguishment; Se - Super-ego; Cf - Conflict; Rq+ - Requester; Rq- - Request recipient; Sv+ - Supervisor; Sv- - Supervisee

Duality[edit]

Duality is a fundamental concept in Socionics. Dual relations are characterized by mutual benefit and support, and are generally viewed as optimal for friendship, intimacy, and marriage (though sociotype is not the only factor influencing this). The eight dual pairs are as follows:

LSE Socionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Si.svg — Socionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svg EII

LIE Socionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svg — Socionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Se.svg ESI

ESE Socionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Si.svg — Socionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svg LII

EIE Socionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svg — Socionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Se.svg LSI

SLE Socionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svg — Socionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svg IEI

SEE Socionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svg — Socionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Te.svg ILI

ILE Socionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svg — Socionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svg SEI

IEE Socionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svg — Socionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Te.svg SLI

In dual relations, the leading function of one partner is the suggestive function of the other, and the creative function of one partner is the mobilizing function of the other. Thus, the ego functions (the strongest and most socialized) of each correspond to the super-id functions of the other (the area where the person needs and expects assistance). Likewise, the super-ego block of one corresponds to the id of the other. In this relation, just 1 of 4 Jungian dichotomies is shared—rationality/irrationality. Duality interaction is generally rewarding and satisfying for both parties, providing inspiration and support. Duality is a central theme of the philosophy of socionics study: Augusta often stated her position that a person who is estranged from contact with a dual partner must cope by unnaturally distorting their personality, a phenomenon called "type masking". Relationships with conflictor types are cited as particularly troublesome: it is not uncommon for a person in a close relationship with their conflictor to develop an acute neurotic condition.[citation needed]

The duality system is demonstrated in the following diagram, which details function relationships between two duals, an ILE and an SEI: Socionics scheme duality ILE-SEI.gif

Blocks of the psyche[edit]

According to Augustinavičiūtė, the functions are paired in four blocks: the ego block, the super-ego block, the id block, and the super-id block. The ego block contains the leading (1) and creative (2) functions, the super-ego block contains the role (3) and vulnerable (4) functions, the super-id block contains the suggestive (5) and mobilizing (6) functions, while the id block contains the observant (7) and demonstrative (8) functions.

The functions within the ego and super-ego blocks are said to be conscious (or "mental") functions, while those within the id and super-id blocks are said to be unconscious (or "vital"). The functions residing within the ego and id blocks are strong functions which are used naturally and well, while the functions of the super-ego and super-id blocks are weak functions and are used with difficulty. (In addition, using super-ego functions is stressful.)

1 2

4 3

6 5

7 8

ego

super-ego

super-id

strong

weak

strong

The 16 types in Model A[edit]

ILE

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

SEI

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

ESE

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

LII

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

EIE

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

LSI

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

SLE

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

IEI

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

SEE

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

ILI

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

LIE

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

ESI

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

LSE

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

EII

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

IEE

Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg

Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg

Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg

Socionics symbol Ni.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg

SLI

Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Te.svg

Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg

Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg

Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg

Intertype relations[edit]

Socionics postulates that the way information is communicated between different types results in different interaction styles, called intertype relations. Each intertype relation has its bad and good qualities, though duality is generally considered to be the most psychologically comfortable as a long-term relationship. In total there are 16 relationship roles for each type (14 when not counting the split roles in the supervision and benefit relationship). All relations beside Request and Supervision are symmetric. Request and Supervision relations are asymmetric and have 2 roles: Request - Requester and Request recipient, Supervision - Supervisor and Supervisee. Each cell in the table shows who the type in the left column is to the type in the top row.

Mathematics[edit]

Socionics, being Base-16, can be used with bitwise operations after Base-2 reduction

Relation Base 16 Base 10 Base 2 Type

Ident. 0 0 0000 ENTp

Quas. 1 1 0001 ENTj

Cong. 2 2 0010 ENFp

Requ. 3 3 0011 ENFj

Coop. 4 4 0100 ESTp

Requ. 5 5 0101 ESTj

Sego. 6 6 0110 ESFp

Actv. 7 7 0111 ESFj

Extn. 8 8 1000 INTp

Mirr. 9 9 1001 INTj

Mira. A 10 1010 INFp

Supr. B 11 1011 INFj

Semi. C 12 1100 ISTp

Supr. D 13 1101 ISTj

Dual. E 14 1110 ISFp

Conf. F 15 1111 ISFj

Since socionics is mathematically Base-16 and also a psychology of personality in the same way as the typology of Carl Jung and Myers–Briggs, it shares a similar degree of mathematical consistency, while enduring the same serious shortcomings in the experimental justification of these theories.

Taking this, socionics also differs from other typologies in that it also includes a complementary Base-16 relationship set, with the intent of penning to paper the key social dynamic traits between grouped combinations of socionic types. Therefore, socionics could be considered to be within the realm of the science of social dynamics, intended to describe social behavior according to mathematical applications of Base-16, group theory, set logic, and reduction of the Gulenko-Jungian notation for socionics types to hexadecimal and Base-2 bitwise operation. While this mathematical approach is strictly theoretical and has been criticized for lack of empirical testing,[128] systems theory has been the tool of socionics theorist, such as Gregory Reinin to derive theorical dichotomies within socionics theory. In 1985 Aušra Augustinavičiūtė acknowledged the mathematical theories of Reinin and wrote a book titled The Theory of Reinin's Traits to describe the mathematical processes of socionics theory. Mathematical methods have been a standard part of socionics theory since this time.

Studies of Elena Udalova show that at least three of Reinin's Traits are distinguishable and can be used for detection of a sociotype. Those include: statics/dynamics (having appropriate functions in their mental track), questims/declatims (tending to raise questions or declare opinions), and aristocrats/democrats (understanding inequality or equality of people). Not all names of Reinin's Traits reflect their actual meaning very well, but they were defined historically and now seem to be fixed.

The methodology of deriving socionic relationships from two socionic types is similar to the enumeration of 16 possible boolean algebraic functions from two binary output and input variable types, with truth tables and during construction of logic gates in electronics.[129]

4-letter

type acronym

(MBTI) 4-letter

type acronym

(socionics) Four functions

(Jung[125]) Four functions

(MBTI) Two functions

(socionics) Formal name Type alias Social role

ESTJ ESTj Socionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svg Te Si Ne Fi Socionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Si.svg Logical Sensory Extravert (LSE) Stierlitz Administrator / Director

ENTJ ENTj Socionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svg Te Ni Se Fi Socionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svg Logical Intuitive Extravert (LIE) Jack London Enterpriser / Pioneer

ESFJ ESFj Socionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svg Fe Si Ne Ti Socionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Si.svg Ethical Sensory Extravert (ESE) Hugo Bonvivant / Enthusiast

ENFJ ENFj Socionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svg Fe Ni Se Ti Socionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svg Ethical Intuitive Extravert (EIE) Hamlet Mentor / Actor

ESTP ESTp Socionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svg Se Ti Fe Ni Socionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svg Sensory Logical Extravert (SLE) Zhukov Legionnaire / Conqueror

ESFP ESFp Socionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svg Se Fi Te Ni Socionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svg Sensory Ethical Extravert (SEE) Napoleon / Caesar Politician / Ambassador

ENTP ENTp Socionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Si.svg Ne Ti Fe Si Socionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svg Intuitive Logical Extravert (ILE) Don Quixote Seeker / Inventor

ENFP ENFp Socionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Si.svg Ne Fi Te Si Socionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svg Intuitive Ethical Extravert (IEE) Huxley Psychologist / Reporter

ISTJ ISTp Socionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svg Si Te Fi Ne Socionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Te.svg Sensory Logical Introvert (SLI) Gabin Craftsman / Mechanic

INTJ INTp Socionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Te.svgSocionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Se.svg Ni Te Fi Se Socionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Te.svg Intuitive Logical Introvert (ILI) Balzac Critic / Mastermind

ISFJ ISFp Socionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svg Si Fe Ti Ne Socionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svg Sensory Ethical Introvert (SEI) Dumas Mediator / Peacemaker

INFJ INFp Socionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svgSocionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Se.svg Ni Fe Ti Se Socionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svg Intuitive Ethical Introvert (IEI) Yesenin Lyricist / Romantic

ISTP ISTj Socionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svg Ti Se Ni Fe Socionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Se.svg Logical Sensory Introvert (LSI) Maxim Gorky Inspector / Pragmatist

ISFP ISFj Socionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Se.svgSocionics symbol Ni.svgSocionics symbol Te.svg Fi Se Ni Te Socionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Se.svg Ethical Sensory Introvert (ESI) Dreiser Guardian / Conservator

INTP INTj Socionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Fe.svg Ti Ne Si Fe Socionics symbol Ti.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svg Logical Intuitive Introvert (LII) Robespierre Analyst / Scientist

INFP INFj Socionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svgSocionics symbol Si.svgSocionics symbol Te.svg Fi Ne Si Te Socionics symbol Fi.svgSocionics symbol Ne.svg Ethical Intuitive Introvert (EII) Dostoyevsky Humanist / Empath

The 16 types[edit]

Socionics divides people into 16 different types, called sociotypes. They are most commonly referred to by their two strongest functions, which in socionics are called the leading function (Jung's dominant) and the creative function (Jung's auxiliary). The creative function is opposite to the leading function in extraversion and rationality. For example, if the dominant function is introverted logic (a rational and introverted function), the secondary function must be irrational and extraverted, which means it must be either extraverted sensing or extraverted intuition.

Aušra Augustinavičiūtė usually used names like sensory-logical introvert (SLI) to refer to the types. In SLI the leading function is introverted sensing and the creative function is extraverted logic. She also introduced the practice of referring to types by the name of a famous person of the type (although types of these persons are not universally agreed upon, especially about "Napoleon"). For example, she called the SLI Gabin and the SEI Dumas. Also sometimes names such as Craftsman or Mediator are used to express the social role of the type—a convention introduced by socionist Viktor Gulenko in 1995.[120] Given the formal similarities present between Socionics and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) abbreviations frequently used in English, some prefer to distinguish socionic type names from Myers–Briggs' names by writing the last letter (J or P) in lower case (for example, ENTp, ESFj)—a practice introduced by Sergei Ganin.[121] This is because the relationship between socionics and Myers–Briggs and Keirseyan types is controversial.

Some socionists state that "main spheres of application of socionics are almost the same as for the Myers–Briggs Type Theory", and that observed differences in correlation "represent characteristic stereotypes of the socionics and the Keirsey typology.[122] Others state that MBTI and socionics "correlate in roughly 30% of cases," and that "there are many subtle differences".[123][clarification needed] J and P in Socionics and Myers–Briggs are completely different:[124] in Myers–Briggs, J and P stands for the first extraverted function (J—extraverted thinking or feeling, P—extraverted sensing or intuition); in Socionics, J and P stands for the first function (J—rational (thinking and feeling), P—irrational (sensing and intuition)). This formal conversion is carried out in accordance with the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator.

In dividing the socion according to the four Jungian dichotomies, from this is formed 16 socionic types. The following tables provide a list of types with the names most commonly used in socionics:

Element Abstracted definition English Acronym Symbol Description

Extraverted logic (thinking) external dynamics of objects Te Socionics symbol Te.svg Te is efficiency of an action, technical processes, the accomplishment of work, the efficient and prudent use of resources, factual accuracy, and the acquisition of relevant and useful information. Te understands the difference between effective and ineffective behavior when performing a procedure or accomplishing a task, and aspires to increase the frequency of productive outcomes within a system.

Extraverted ethics (feeling) internal dynamics of objects Fe Socionics symbol Fe.svg Fe is responsible for the perception of an emotional state in an individual and the bodily and linguistic expression of emotions. Fe is able to influence others' emotional condition and to communicate its own, "infecting" others. Fe is used especially in generating and recognizing excitement and enthusiasm.

Extraverted sensing external statics of objects Se Socionics symbol Se.svg Se is responsible for the perception, control, defense, and acquisition of space, territory, and control. It observes outward appearances, estimates whether forces are in alignment or conflict, and uses strength of will and power-based methods to achieve purposes. Se understands territory and physical aggression. It is also the function of contact and apprehension of qualia.

Extraverted intuition internal statics of objects Ne Socionics symbol Ne.svg Ne is responsible for understanding the essence (permanent but not obvious traits) of a thing, estimating the potential and latent capabilities for people and things, and visualizing the likely outcome of events. It is responsible for the sense of interest or boredom. Ne will speculate as to why an event occurs, but sees the specific event as static and unalterable.

Introverted logic (thinking) external statics of fields Ti Socionics symbol Ti.svg Ti is responsible for understanding logic and structure, categorizations, ordering and priorities, logical analysis and distinctions, logical explanations. Ti interprets information according to how it fits into a validating system. Ti is particularly aware of logical consistency and how concepts relate to each other in meaning and structure, independently of particular purposes.

Introverted ethics (feeling) internal statics of fields Fi Socionics symbol Fi.svg Fi is responsible for understanding the quality, nature, and proper maintenance of personal relations; makes moral judgments; and aspires to humanism and kindness. Fi has a strong understanding of the social hierarchy and how people feel about each other, their attitudes of like or dislike, enthrallment or disgust, repulsion or attraction, enmity or friendship.

Introverted sensing external dynamics of fields Si Socionics symbol Si.svg Si is responsible for perception of physical sensations; questions of comfort, coziness, and pleasure; and a sense of harmony and acclimation with one's environment (especially physical). Si understand how well a person or thing's behavior agrees with its nature as well as the differences between comfortable behaviors and positions and uncomfortable ones.

Introverted intuition internal dynamics of fields Ni Socionics symbol Ni.svg Ni is responsible for the estimation of the passage of time, the understanding of a course of processes in time, and forecasting. Ni understand how things may change and evolve over time and throughout history. Ni is acutely aware of events that are occurring outside of the immediate perception of the moment, and sees events as part of a continuous flow. Ni perceives the possible ramifications of future events and notices ties to the past. Ni observes behavioral patterns and can assess a person's character.

Information elements[edit]

Socionics Information Elements and Dichotomies.png

In socionics, Jung's functions are always introverted or extroverted, and are referred to as functions of information metabolism.[115] These functions are said to process information aspects. To understand what an information aspect is, it is necessary to understand information metabolism as Augustinavičiūtė understood it.

Augustinavičiūtė states that the perception of the world through the human mind uses eight elements of information metabolism (mental functions), each of which reflects one particular aspect of objective reality.[116] In her works she describes aspects of the world based on physical quantities such as potential and kinetic energy, space, time, and their properties.

Often other socionists have equated the information elements with their definition according to fundamental physical concepts as well (Matter-Time-Energy-Space) (N. Medvedev,[117] V. Ermak[118]). Matter compared to Thinking, Energy to Feeling, Space to Sensing, Time to Intuition. Given the division of aspects of the absolute between Extroverted ("black") and Introverted ("white"), being four times two, their number is eight.

The 8 socionics symbols (Socionics symbol Te.svg Socionics symbol Fe.svg Socionics symbol Se.svg Socionics symbol Ne.svg Socionics symbol Ti.svg Socionics symbol Fi.svg Socionics symbol Si.svg Socionics symbol Ni.svg) were introduced by Augustinavičiūtė while working with Jung's typology[119][clarification needed] and remain the dominant method of denoting the functions and the corresponding information aspects that they process. Other notation systems also enjoy some use, such as Victor Gulenko's 8 Latin letters (P, E, F, I, L, R, S, and T, correspondingly). Among western enthusiasts, Myers-Briggs notation (Te, Fe, Se, Ne, Ti, Fi, Si, and Ni, correspondingly) is popular.

Carl Jung describes four psychological functions that are capable of becoming conscious, but to differing degrees in specific individuals:[113]

Sensation – all perceptions by means of the sense organs

Intuition – perception by way of the unconscious, or perception of unconscious events

Thinking (in socionics, logic) – interpretation of information based on whether it is correct or incorrect

Feeling (in socionics, ethics) – interpretation of information based on its ethical aspects

In addition to these four types, Jung defines a polarity between introverted and extraverted personalities. This distinction is based on how people invest energy rather into the inner, subjective, psychical world (usually called Seele, soul, by Jung) or instead the outer, objective, physical world (including one's body).

By Jung's rules 16 psychological types exist. But in his book "Psychological Types" he described in detail only 8 types, distinguished by the 8 possible dominant functions.

Contrary to Socionics and MBTI, Jung did not conclude that the types had two introverted functions and two extroverted functions. Instead outlining that extroverted personality types had a Dominant extroverted function, an Auxiliary introverted function, and two Inferior introverted functions that are necessarily retarded.[114]

Family socionics[edit]

Socionics allocates 16 types of the relations — from most attractive and comfortable up to disputed. The understanding of a nature of these relations helps to solve a number of problems of the interpersonal relations, including aspects of psychological and sexual compatibility. The researches of married couples by Aleksandr Bukalov, Olga Karpenko and Galina Chykyrysova, have shown that the family relations submit to the laws, which are opened by socionics. The study of socionic type allocation in casually selected married couples confirmed the main rules of the theory of intertype relations in socionics.[87][88] So, the dual relations (full addition) make 45% and the intraquadral relations make 64% of investigated couples.

16 is the squares of the quadrant model

QMRSocionics, in psychology and sociology, is a theory of information processing and personality type, distinguished by its information model of the psyche (called "Model A") and a model of interpersonal relations. It incorporates Carl Jung's work on Psychological Types with Antoni Kępiński's theory of information metabolism. Socionics is a modification of Jung's personality type theory that uses eight psychic functions, in contrast to Jung's model, which used only four. These functions process information at varying levels of competency and interact with the corresponding function in other individuals, giving rise to predictable reactions and impressions—a theory of intertype relations.[1][2]

QMRLord Of The Four Quarters, by John Weir Perry

QMRMoore is probably most widely known as the senior author, with Douglas Gillette, of a series of five books on the in-depth structure of the male psyche, drawing on the account of the archetypal level of the human psyche developed by C.G. Jung.

King, Warrior, Magician, Lover: Rediscovering the Archetypes of the Mature Masculine is an introductory overview of four key sources of energy at the archetypal level of the human psyche.

The King Within: Accessing the King in the Male Psyche centers on the most important and most difficult source of energy for men to access.

The Warrior Within: Accessing the Knight in the Male Psyche centers on the source of energy that boys and men usually learn how to access relatively early in life, but it takes time and effort to learn how to access the optimally mature form of this source of energy in the human psyche.

The Magician Within: Accessing the Shaman in the Male Psyche centers on another form of energy that boys and men usually learn how to access at a relatively early age, but, once again, it takes time and effort to learn how to access the optimally mature form of this source of energy in the human psyche.

The Lover Within: Accessing the Lover in the Male Psyche centers on a very tricky source of energy in the human psyche.

According to Moore and Gillette, for each optimal orientation for each of these four key sources of energy, there are two corresponding "shadow" forms of the source of the energy—two ways for each of them to be misdirected for only one healthy or optimal way for each of them to be oriented. Just as the authors have given four key sources of energy in the human psyche very colorful names that seem to personify each source, so too the authors give each of the bipolar "shadow" forms very colorful names that seem to personify them.

Even though Moore stresses the positive potential of the archetypes of maturity, as he styles the healthy forms of the archetypes (as distinct from the "shadow" forms), he also stresses that archetypes are not friendly. By this he means that they can be dangerous because they can take over a person. So they are best approached with caution.

Moore has also noted that various forms of masculine behavior are immature, and so he thinks it is important for men today to develop guidelines for directing their own personal development and decision making.

Three

QMR Moore wroteKing, Warrior, Magician, Lover: Rediscovering the Archetypes of the Mature Masculine is an introductory overview of four key sources of energy at the archetypal level of the human psyche.

QMRThe shadow is an unconscious complex defined as the repressed, suppressed or disowned qualities of the conscious self. According to Jung, the human being deals with the reality of the shadow in four ways: denial, projection, integration and/or transmutation

QMRGender socialization Henslin (1999:76) contends that "an important part of socialization is the learning of culturally defined gender roles." Gender socialization refers to the learning of behavior and attitudes considered appropriate for a given sex. Boys learn to be boys and girls learn to be girls. This "learning" happens by way of many different agents of socialization. The family is certainly important in reinforcing gender roles, but so are one’s friends, school, work and the mass media. Gender roles are reinforced through "countless subtle and not so subtle ways" (1999:76).

As parents are present in a child's life from the beginning, their influence in a child's early socialization is very important, especially in regards to gender roles. Sociologists have identified four ways in which parents socialize gender roles in their children: Shaping gender related attributes through toys and activities, differing their interaction with children based on the sex of the child, serving as primary gender models, and communicating gender ideals and expectations

QMRThe Self in Jungian psychology is one of the Jungian archetypes, signifying the unification of consciousness and unconsciousness in a person, and representing the psyche as a whole.[1] The Self, according to Carl Jung, is realized as the product of individuation, which in his view is the process of integrating one's personality. For Jung, the Self is symbolized by the circle (especially when divided in four quadrants), the square, or the mandala.

QMRMichael Freeden identifies four broad types of individualist anarchism. He says the first is the type associated with William Godwin that advocates self-government with a "progressive rationalism that included benevolence to others." The second type is the amoral self-serving rationality of Egoism, as most associated with Max Stirner. The third type is "found in Herbert Spencer's early predictions, and in that of some of his disciples such as Donisthorpe, foreseeing the redundancy of the state in the source of social evolution." The fourth type retains a moderated form of Egoism and accounts for social cooperation through the advocacy of market. Freeden, Michael. Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-829414-X. pp. 313-314.

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Answer to Job (German: Antwort auf Hiob) is a 1952 book by Carl Gustav Jung that addresses the moral, mythological and psychological implications of the Book of Job. It was first published in English in 1954.

Jung considers the Book of Job a landmark development in the "divine drama", for the first time contemplating criticism of God (Gotteskritik). Jung described the book as "pure poison", referring to the controversial nature of the book (Storr, 1973). He did, however, feel an urge to write the book. The basic thesis of the book is that as well as having a good side, God also has a fourth side - the evil face of God. This view is inevitably controversial, but Jung claimed it is backed up by references to the Hebrew Bible. Jung saw this evil side of God as the missing fourth element of the Trinity, which he believed should be supplanted by a Quaternity. However, he also discusses in the book whether the true missing fourth element is the feminine side of God. Indeed, he saw the dogmatic definition of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary by Pope Pius XII in 1950 as being the most significant religious event since the Reformation.

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