Philosophy Chapter
QMRHuntington is in the southwestern corner of West Virginia, on the border with Ohio, on the southern bank of the Ohio River, at the confluence with the Guyandotte River. Most of the city is in Cabell County, of which it is the county seat.[5] A portion of the city, mainly the neighborhood of Westmoreland, is in Wayne County. Huntington is commonly divided into four main sections. The north/south divider is the CSX railroad tracks, while the east/west divider is First Street. Residents of Huntington are called "Huntingtonians."
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QMRThe coast of Scituate is marked by four distinct bluffs, running from First Cliff on the northern end of the town's coast down to Fourth Cliff in the southern end. Prior to the Portland Gale, Humarock was connected to the Scituate mainland at Third Cliff. The North River flowed south between Fourth Cliff and Marshfield, joined the South River, and entered Massachusetts Bay several kilometers to the south of the current opening.
A thin strip of beach which connected Third Cliff to Fourth Cliff was breached by the storm surge of the Portland Gale of 1898, separating Humarock from the rest of Scituate. Eventually the old inlet silted in, forcing the South River to flow north between Marshfield and Fourth Cliff where it now joins the North River to enter the ocean.
Although Humarock is now connected by land to the Rexhame section of Marshfield, there are no roads across the old inlet. As a result, Fourth Cliff and the rest of the Humarock part of Scituate are only accessible via the Marshfield Avenue and Julian Street bridges from Marshfield.
The change in course of the North River also increased the salinity of the large marsh in the area surrounding the current outlet, resulting in the loss of the valuable salt haying business.
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QMRAlbuquerque is geographically divided into four quadrants which are officially part of the mailing address. They are NE (northeast), NW (northwest), SE (southeast), and SW (southwest). The north-south dividing line is Central Avenue (the path that Route 66 took through the city) and the east-west dividing line is the BNSF Railway tracks.
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QMRBig Four Mountain is a mountain in the Cascade Range of Washington, located 21 miles (34 km) east of Granite Falls. The mountain is about 6,180 ft (1,880 m) high. At the bottom of its steep, 4,200 ft (1,300 m) high north face, debris piles form from avalanches and are able to remain there year round because of the continuous shade provided by the mountain. At an elevation between 2,450 ft (750 m) and 1,950 ft (590 m), this ice forms the lowest-elevation glacier in the lower 49 states.[1] During the summer, snow-melt streams flow beneath the debris piles and cause caves to be formed in the ice.
The Big Four Ice Caves Trail, a designated National Recreation Trail,[1] (#723) is one of the most popular hikes in the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest attracting over 50,000 visitors per year. Frequently exceeding several hundred hikers per day, the trailhead's two separate parking areas are often filled beyond capacity occasionally forcing hikers to park along neighboring Mountain Loop Road.
A severe autumn storm in November 2006 caused flooding of the South Fork Stillaguamish River destroying a major footbridge to the Big Four Ice Caves. Estimated repair costs to replace the damaged span were approximately $425,000, and repairs were completed in June 2009.[2] While the trail is open to the public, the snowfield itself is off-limits due to cave-ins and slides which have killed hikers in incidents in 1998, 2010, and in 2015.[3][4]
The ice caves are shown in the music video of rapper Macklemore's song "Can't Hold Us" in the opening scene where he emerges out from an ice cave and gets his The Heist flag from his backpack.[citation needed]
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QMRBig Four is a mountain in the Cascade Range, located about 20 miles (32 km) east of Granite Falls, Washington. Debris piles on the mountain's northern flank form as a result of avalanche activity. These fields of disturbed snow are able to remain year round in the shadow of the mountain. During the summer months snow-melt streams flow beneath the debris piles and cause caves to form in the ice. The caves vary in size from season to season and are unpredictably dangerous. The mountain is open to the public and a large snowfield can be reached by a short trail, but the snowfield itself is off-limits due to cave-ins and slides which have killed hikers in incidents in 1998, 2010, and 2015.[3]
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QMrPullman is situated across four major hills, which divide the city into nearly equal quarters: these are Military Hill, north of the Palouse River and west of North Grand Avenue; Pioneer Hill, south of Main Street and the downtown area, and east of South Grand Avenue; Sunnyside Hill, south of Davis Way and west of South Grand Avenue; and College Hill, north of Main Street and east of North Grand Avenue.
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QMRFort Nisqually, a farm and trading post of the Hudson's Bay Company and the first European settlement in the Puget Sound area, was founded in 1833. Black pioneer George Washington Bush and his caucasian wife, Isabella James Bush, from Missouri and Tennessee, respectively, led four white families into the territory and founded New Market, now Tumwater, in 1846. They settled in Washington to avoid Oregon's discriminatory settlement laws.[35] After them, many more settlers, migrating overland along the Oregon trail, wandered north to settle in the Puget Sound area.
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QMRIn logic, a categorical proposition, or categorical statement, is a proposition that asserts or denies that all or some of the members of one category (the subject term) are included in another (the predicate term).[1] The study of arguments using categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms) forms an important branch of deductive reasoning that began with the Ancient Greeks.
The Ancient Greeks such as Aristotle identified four primary distinct types of categorical proposition and gave them standard forms (now often called A, E, I, and O). If, abstractly, the subject category is named S and the predicate category is named P, the four standard forms are:
All S are P. (A form)
No S are P. (E form)
Some S are P. (I form)
Some S are not P. (O form)
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QMRThe Universal Atomic 4 is a four-cylinder, 64.46 cubic inch, 30 horsepower (22 kW) gas engine produced by the Universal Motor Company between 1947 and 1984 for use as auxiliary power on sailboats. Over 40,000 of the engines were produced during that time, with an estimated 20,000 still in use today. This "workhorse" engine dominated the expanding sailboat market starting in the 1960s, and between the years of 1965 and 1975 they were installed on up to 80% of new sailboats in the 25-40 foot (7.6-12 meter) range. Their longevity and reliability is proven by the fact that thousands of sailors still depend on the engine.
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QMRThe Hudood Ordinances' (Urdu: (also spelled HadoodHadud Hudud singular form is Hadh or hadd) are laws in Pakistan that were enacted in 1979 as part of then military ruler Zia-ul-Haq's "Sharisation or "Islamisation" process. It replaced parts of the secular, British-era Pakistan Penal Code, adding new criminal offences of adultery and fornication, and new punishments of whipping, amputation, and stoning to death.[1][2] After much controversy and criticism parts of the law were extensively revised in 2006 by the Women's Protection Bill.
Officially known as "The Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (VII of 1979)" refers to fornication, adultery and zina bil jabbar (rape). The most controversial of the four ordinances,[5] it has several distinct categories of sexual offences and assigned punishments for each:
zina liable to hadd; punishable by
stoning to death for the adulterer
public whipping of 100 lashes for a fornicator[4]
zina liable to tazir; punishable by
imprisonment for up to ten years [4]
zina-bil-jabr liable to hadd;
zina-bil-jabr liable to tazir;[4]
Further Zina offenses are (or as of 1991 were)[13]
kidnapping
sodomy
enticement
attempted rape
abetment of zina crime
deceitful marriage
conspiracy to engage in prostitution
Under hadd, eyewitnesses evidence of the act of penetration by "at least four Muslim adult male witnesses", about whom "the court is satisfied", that "they are truthful persons and abstain from major sins (kabair)" (tazkiyah al-shuhood). Because of this stringent standard, no accused has ever been found guilty and stoned to death in Pakistan,[14][15] and punishments have been awarded only under the Tazir provision of the Hudood Ordinance.
The ordinance also abolished Pakistan's statutory rape law.[16]
The 2006 Act has now deleted zina bil jabbar from the Zina Hudood Ordinance[17] and inserted sections 375 and 376 for Rape and Punishment respectively in the Pakistan Penal Code to replace it.[17]
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QMRTechnically, the Charter of 1814 had made France a constitutional monarchy. While the King retained extensive power over policy-making, as well as the sole power of the Executive, he was, nonetheless, reliant upon the Parliament to accept and pass his legal decrees. The Charter also fixed the method of election of the Deputies, their rights within the Chamber of Deputies, and the rights of the majority bloc. Thus, in 1830, Charles X faced a significant problem. He could not overstep his constitutional bounds, and yet, he could not preserve his policies with a liberal majority within the Chamber of Deputies. Stark action was required.
A final no-confidence vote by the liberals, in March 1830, spurred the king into action, and he set about to alter the Charter of 1814 by decree. These decrees, known as the "Four Ordinances", or the "Ordinances of Saint-Cloud", were:
Dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies
Restriction of the Press Laws
Restriction of the franchise to only the wealthiest within France
Immediate new elections based upon the new electorate
Word spread quickly of the king's intent. On 10 July 1830, before the king had even made his declarations, a group of wealthy, liberal journalists and newspaper proprietors, led by Adolphe Thiers, met in Paris to decide upon a strategy to counter Charles X. It was decided then, nearly three weeks before the Revolution, that in the event of Charles' expected proclamations, the journalistic establishment of Paris would publish vitriolic criticisms of the king's policies in an attempt to mobilize the masses. Thus, when Charles X made his declarations on the 25 July 1830, the liberal journalism machine mobilized, publishing articles and complaints decrying the despotism of the king's actions.
The urban mobs of Paris also mobilized, driven by patriotic fervor and economic hardship, assembling barricades and attacking the infrastructure of Charles X. Within days, the situation escalated beyond the ability of the monarchy to control it. As the Crown moved to shut down liberal periodicals, the radical Parisian masses defended those publications. They also launched attacks against pro-Bourbon presses, and paralyzed the coercive apparatus of the monarchy. Seizing the opportunity, the liberals in Parliament began drafting resolutions, complaints, and censures against the king.
The king finally abdicated on 30 July 1830. Twenty minutes later, his son, Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, who had nominally succeeded as Louis XIX, also abdicated, having lasted what is believed to be the shortest reign on record. The Crown nominally then fell upon the son of Louis Antoine's younger brother, Charles X's grandson, who became Henri V, with Louis-Phillippe, Duc d'Orléans, as Lieutenant-General of the realm. However, the newly empowered Chamber of Deputies declared the throne vacant, and on 9 August, elevated Louis-Philippe, to the throne. Thus, the July Monarchy began.
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QMRJuly Ordinances, also known as the Four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were a series of decrees set forth by Charles X and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister, in July 1830.
Compelled by what he felt to be a growing, manipulative radicalism in the elected government, Charles felt that as king by right of birth, his primary duty was the guarantee of order and happiness in France and its people; not in political bipartisanship and the self-interpreted rights of implacable political enemies.
The result was that on 9 July 1830, Charles announced that in his interpretation of, and in full compliance with, Article 14 of the Charte, he would henceforth govern by ordonnances. On 25 July, while a guest at Saint-Cloud, he signed the famous "July Ordinances" which were published in the Parisian newspaper Moniteur the following day.
These ordinances of 26 July:
Suspended the liberty of the press
Appointed new, and what many considered reactionary, Conseillers d'Etat
Dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies of France
Reduced the number of deputies in future Chambers
Summoned new electoral colleges for September of that year
Withdrew the Deputies' right of amendment
Excluded the commercial middle-class from future elections[1]
It was intended to quell the people of France. However, the ordinances had the opposite effect of angering the French citizens. Journalists gathered in protest at the headquarters of the National daily, founded in January 1830 by Adolphe Thiers, Armand Carrel, and others. The final result was the July Revolution and Charles X's abdication and exile.
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QMrThe Riley Pathfinder is an automobile which was produced by Riley Motors Limited in the United Kingdom from 1953 to 1957. It was first presented at the London Motor Show in October 1953 and replaced the RMF as Riley's top-line model.
Designed as the "RMH" just before the 1952 merger of Riley-parent, the Nuffield Organisation, with Austin to form BMC, the Pathfinder is seen as the last proper Riley car. It used Riley's 110 bhp (82 kW), 2.5-litre — 2,443 cc (149.1 cu in) — twin-cam, "Big Four" straight-4 engine fitted with twin SU carburettors and had a separate all-steel chassis with coil spring rear (this was changed to leaf springs towards the end of production) and front torsion bar independent suspension. From 1956 an overdrive gearbox became optional. The 12 in (305 mm) Girling drum brakes had a Clayton Dewandre Vac Hydro Servo fitted as standard.
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QMrNuffield took quick measures to firm up the Riley business. Autovia was no more, with just 35 cars having been produced. Riley refocused on the 4-cylinder market with two engines: A 1.5-litre 12 hp engine and the "Big Four", a 2.5-litre 16 hp unit (The hp figures are RAC Rating, and bear no relationship to bhp or kW). Only a few bodies were produced prior to the onset of war in 1939, and some components were shared with Morris for economies of scale. Though they incorporated a number of mechanical improvements- notably a Nuffield synchromesh gearbox- they were essentially interim models, suffering a loss of Riley character in the process. The new management responded to the concerns of the marque's loyal adherents by re-introducing the Kestrel 2.5 litre Sports Saloon in updated form, but as the factory was turned over to wartime production this was a short-lived development.
After World War II, Riley took up the old engines in new models, based in concept on the 1936-8 'Continental', a fashionable 'notchback' design whose name had been changed prior to release to 'Close-Coupled Touring Saloon' owing to feared objections from Rolls-Royce. The RMA used the 1.5-litre engine, while the RMB got the Big Four. Both engines, being derived from pre-war models, lent thenselves as power units for specials and new specialist manufacturers,[11] such as Donald Healey.The RM line of vehicles, sold under the "Magnificent Motoring" tag line, were to be a re-affirmation of Riley values in both road behaviour and appearance. 'Torsionic' front independent suspension and steering design inspired by the Citroën Traction Avant provided precise handling; their flowing lines were particularly well-balanced, marrying pre-war 'coachbuilt' elegance to more modern features, such as headlamps faired into the front wings. The RMC, a 3-seater roadster was an unsuccessful attempt to break into the American market, while the RMD was an elegant 4/5-seater two-door drophead, of which again few were made. The 1.5-litre RME and 2.5-litre RMF were later developments of the saloon versions, which continued in production into the mid-fifties.
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QMRThree teams[21][46] launched six distinct attacks:[47] three suicide bombings in one attack, a fourth suicide bombing in another attack, and shootings at four locations in four separate attacks.[48][49] Shootings were reported in the vicinity of the rue Alibert, the rue de la Fontaine-au-Roi, the rue de Charonne, the Bataclan theatre, and avenue de la République.[50][51][52] Three explosions occurred near the Stade de France, another on boulevard Voltaire, and two of the Bataclan shooters also detonated their suicide vests as police ended the stand-off.[53] According to the Paris prosecutor, the attackers wore suicide vests that used acetone peroxide as an explosive.[54]
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QMRThe 1989 Pacific hurricane season officially started May 15, 1989 in the eastern Pacific, and June 1, 1989 in the central Pacific, and lasted until November 30, 1989. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.[1] A total of 17 storms and 9 hurricanes formed, which was near long-term averages. Four hurricanes reached major hurricane status (Category 3 or higher) on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.
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On December 3, 2009, U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan announced the final requirements for $3.5 billion in Title I School Improvement Grants (SIGs) to turn around the nation’s lowest performing schools. The applications were due into the U.S. Department of Education by Feb. 8, 2010. These funds were made available to states by formula and competed for by school districts. As they competed for the funds, school districts/local educational agencies (LEAs) were required to identify the schools they wanted to transform, and then determine which of four models was most appropriate: the turnaround model, the restart model, school closure, or the transformation model. The law delineates the requirements for each of the four models. If a school had begun implementation of one of these four models or components of one of these models within the previous two years, it was permitted to apply to use SIG funds to continue to implement the full model.
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QMRSchool Improvement Grants (SIGs) are grants awarded by the U.S. Department of Education to state education agencies (SEAs) under Section 1003(g) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (aka ESEA, reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) in 2002). The SEAs, in turn, award subgrants to local educational agencies (LEA’s, also known as school districts) for the purpose of supporting focused school improvement efforts.[1] In 2009, the Obama administration, and specifically U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, challenged the education community to make the lowest-achieving schools its highest priority.[2]
With funds allocated under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the U.S. Department of Education dramatically increased the funds provided to SEAs under section 1003(g) while issuing program requirements that charged the SEAs with channeling the funds to LEAs for the “persistently lowest-achieving schools” to support rapid improvement through four relatively prescriptive intervention models:
• The turnaround model in which the LEA replaces the principal and rehires no more than 50% of the staff, gives the principal greater autonomy, and implements other prescribed and recommended strategies.
• The “restart model” in which the LEA converts or closes and reopens a school under a charter school operator, charter management organization, or education management organization.
• The “school closure model” in which the LEA closes the school and enrolls the students in other schools in the LEA that are higher achieving.
• The “transformation model” in which the LEA replaces the principal (except in specified situations), implements a rigorous staff evaluation and development system, institutes comprehensive instructional reform, increases learning time and applies community-oriented school strategies, and provides greater operational flexibility and support for the school.[3]
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QMRFantastic Four: 1234 is a four-issue comic book limited series featuring the Fantastic Four, written by Grant Morrison and illustrated by Jae Lee and published by Marvel Comics under the Marvel Knights imprint.
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QMRThe Four Seasons[edit]
Nonnus in his Dionysiaca mentions a distinct set of four Horae, the daughters of Helios and Selene, the Greek words for the four seasons of year:
Eiar (Spring),
Theros (Summer),
Phthinoporon (Autumn), and
Cheimon (Winter).
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QMRIn Hagakure, Yamamoto Tsunetomo encapsulates his views on 'virtue' in the four vows he makes daily:[31]
Never to be outdone in the way of the samurai or bushido.
To be of good use to the master.
To be filial to my parents.
To manifest great compassion and act for the sake of Man.
Yamamoto goes on to say:
If one dedicates these four vows to the gods and Buddhas every morning, he will have the strength of two men and never slip backward. One must edge forward like the inchworm, bit by bit. The gods and Buddhas, too, first started with a vow.
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QMRIn geometry, the cross-ratio, also called double ratio and anharmonic ratio, is a number associated with a list of four collinear points, particularly points on a projective line. Given four points A, B, C and D on a line, their cross ratio is defined as
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QMRIn February 1893, Richlands was the site of a mass lynching of five black railroad workers after it was alleged some of the men had robbed and beat a white man. Four of the railroad workers were arrested and held in the Richlands jail, but the jailor was overpowered by a mob of white townspeople, including James Hurt, a magistrate and member of Richlands' town council, and James Crabtree, a prominent businessman, who removed the four men and hanged them from the same tree. A fifth black railroad worker was later found and lynched.[4]
This sort of fits the quadrant model if the fifth is seen as questionable
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QMrFour States is an unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Four States is located along a railroad line northwest of Worthington. Four States has a post office with ZIP code 26572.[2]
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QMRIn May 1776 the Virginian colony declared its independence from Great Britain. On July 1, 1776, a committee of four was appointed to make a proper seal for the Commonwealth of Virginia. The four men were Richard Henry Lee, George Mason, George Wythe, and Robert Carter Nicholas. Four days later the committee's report for a design of the seal was read, and George Mason presented it to the Virginia government. It was voted on and approved that same day. It is not known for certain which members of the committee were chiefly responsible for the design of the seal, but it is generally believed to be principally the work of George Wythe.
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Four County Players[edit]
The Four County Players is a community theater that has been the longest continuous operating theater in Central Virginia. Because the Four County Players are a nonprofit organization, they rely mostly on volunteers to work with them to achieve their production goals. Lillian Morse and Bill Thomas decided that the arts was needed in rural communities. The group originally started as ten people met in Morse’s home in January 1973, with all of their money together they had $70 to start their theatre project. Their first act as a group was with the Gordonsville Recreational Center. By working with the children there, they put on two productions: Switched at the Crossroad and Noah’s Flood.[7]
In 1979 the Four County Players started something they called the Theatre Related Employment Experience Program (TREE program). This program was put in place to help hire youth who were disadvantaged and teach them job skills especially related to theatre. It was funded by the Governor’s Manpower Services Council.[7]
Ralph and Marcelia Hall were patrons for the Four County Players and decided that they wanted to provide a scholarship for the actors working with the company. In 1980 they started a scholarship program by selling food and drinks at the Bistro. They used the proceeds to fund the scholarship.[7]
Barboursville Vineyards agreed to let Four County Players use the Barboursville Ruins as a performance space for Shakespeare in the Ruins as proposed by Sara Smith Bossong. The tradition was started in 1990 but ended sixteen years later in 2006 because the ruins were deteriorating quickly and needed restoration. Despite Shakespeare in the Ruins ending, in 2007 the company moved indoors and put on a production of Twelfth Night.[
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QMRIn 1884 on Christmas Day sixty two years after it was built the Barboursville mansion became known as the Barboursville Ruinsafter a fire consumed the building. This building was known as the only building in Orange County, VA to be designed by Thomas Jefferson himself. James Barbour was close friends with Jefferson and owned the building. Jefferson designed the building for Barbour with the former’s own home in mind. The house originally had a race track in front of it, but now it is home to one of Virginia’s first significant wineries. The ruins are now a tourist destination and a backdrop for Four County Players productions of "Shakespeare at the Ruins" in August.[4]
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QMRFour Corners is an unincorporated community in Fairfax County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.
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QMRThe Big Four were the famous railroad tycoons who built the Central Pacific Railroad, (C.P.R.R.), which formed the western portion of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States. They were Leland Stanford, (1824–1893), Collis Potter Huntington (1821–1900), Mark Hopkins (1813–1878), and Charles Crocker (1822–1888).[36] The establishment of America's transcontinental rail lines permanently linked California to the rest of the country, and the far-reaching transportation systems that grew out of them during the century that followed contributed immeasurably to the state's unrivaled social, political, and economic development.[37][38]
The Big Four dominated California's economy and politics in the 1880s and 1890s, and Collis P. Huntington became one of the most hated man in California. One typical California textbook argues:
Huntington came to symbolize the greed and corruption of late-nineteenth-century business. Business rivals and political reformers accused him of every conceivable evil. Journalists and cartoonists made their reputations by pillorying him.... Historians have cast Huntington as the state's most despicable villain."[39]
Huntington, however, defended himself:
The motives back of my actions have been honest ones and results have redounded far more to the benefit of California that have to my own."[40]
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QMRNewhall was the site of the Newhall massacre, in which four California Highway Patrol officers were shot to death on April 6, 1970, during a traffic stop of two heavily armed career criminals. This led to increased emphasis on officer safety both within the CHP and nationwide.
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QMRH. Roy Cullen, H. L. Hunt, Sid W. Richardson, and Clint Murchison were the four most influential businessmen during this era. These men became among the wealthiest and most politically powerful in the state and the nation.
The big four[edit]
A black-and-white bust portrait of a distinguished man in a suit.
H. Roy Cullen, industrialist and philanthropist, considered one of the key figures in the early Texas oil industry
Four businessmen were emblematic of the 1920s and 30s boom years — H. Roy Cullen, H. L. Hunt, Sid W. Richardson, and Clint Murchison.[112] Cullen was a self-educated cotton and real-estate businessman who moved to Houston in 1918 and soon began oil prospecting.[113] Cullen's success led to his founding the South Texas Petroleum Company (with partner Jim West Sr.) and Quintana Oil Company.[114] Cullen and his wife established the Cullen Foundation, which became one of the largest charitable organizations in the state, and donated heavily to the University of Houston, the Texas Medical Center, and numerous other causes in Texas, particularly in the Houston area.[86]
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QMRDb for Dummies (DBD) is a flexible, lightweight, memory-resident database. Unlike traditional databases that store values in table-like structures, DBD stores data as a network of nodes. DBD manages tables, multi-rooted hierarchies, graphs and complex networks without user having to specify a schema.
DBD provides four interfaces to manage data: The Graphical User Interface (GUI) allows users to manage data mainly via a tree and grid. The Natural Language Interface (NLI) allows users to manage data via English-like expressions. The Remote User Interface (RUI) allows users to view data via a remote computer. The Application Programmer Interface (API) allows C/C++ and Visual Basic programmers to manage data via a Dynamic Link Library (DLL).
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QMRCitizen Steely Dan is a four-CD box set compilation album by Steely Dan, released in 1993. The set is a collection of all of Steely Dan's albums (up to 1993) in chronological order, and also contains a non-album single ("FM (No Static at All)"), a non-album B-side ("Bodhisattva (Live)"), a rare compilation track recorded during the sessions for The Royal Scam but released only on the 1978 Greatest Hits ("Here at the Western World"), and a previously unreleased demo of "Everyone's Gone to the Movies" (a song from their 1975 album Katy Lied).
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QMRb4-4 later on Before Four (stylized as before four) was a Canadian boy band from Toronto, Ontario. The band was composed of the twins Ryan and Dan Kowarsky, and Ohad Einbinder. They were signed to Sony Records and achieved commercial success in Canada and later on as Before Four in Germany.[citation needed] After split-up, Ryan and Dan Kowarsky went on to form the vocal, musical, songwriting and producing duo RyanDan.
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QMRHolcomb and his two-man and four-man teams took home 2 golds, 3 silvers and 2 bronzes and then won the first World Championship in four-man bobsled since 1959. Additionally, he piloted his two-man sled to a bronze medal.
In Vancouver, Holcomb finished 2nd in his four-man sled in the only World Cup race at the newly finished Whistler track. Holcomb and his Night Train (4-man)/Night Hawk (2-man) are competing on the FIBT World Cup circuit. In the first three tour stops to date, his squad with teammates Steve Mesler, Justin Olsen and Curt Tomasevicz has won gold in the 4-man at Lake Placid & Cesana (Torino 2006 Olympic track) and silver in the 4-Man at Lake Placid and bronze in Cesana.
The crew of the four man USA-1 at the 2010 Winter Olympics with their gold medals. From left to right: Holcomb, Justin Olsen, Steve Mesler, and Curtis Tomasevicz.
Holcomb won four medals at the FIBT World Championships: a gold (four-man: 2009) and three bronzes (two-man: 2009, mixed team: 2008, 2009). He also won the 2007 Two-man World Cup title,[6] won the 2007 combined World Cup title,[7] and finished second in the 2007 Four-Man World Cup standings.[8] He became the first American man to win the Two-Man World Cup title. Holcomb also won the 2007 and 2010 Combined World Cup titles, and the 2010 4-Man World Cup title.
It was announced on 17 January 2010 that Holcomb made the US team in both the two-man and four-man events for the 2010 Winter Olympics. On February 17, Holcomb led the four-man US bobsled team to a gold-medal victory, ending a 62-year gold medal drought in US Olympic four-man bobsled competition.
Holcomb qualified for the 2014 Sochi Olympics in both the two-man and four-man bobsled. On February 16, Holcomb and brakeman Steve Langton won the bronze medal in the two-man competition, ending yet another 62-year medal drought in US Olympic two-man competition.[9]
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QMRTally marks, also called hash marks, are a unary numeral system. They are a form of numeral used for counting. They are most useful in counting or tallying ongoing results, such as the score in a game or sport, as no intermediate results need to be erased or discarded. However, because of the length of large numbers, tallies are not commonly used for static text. Notched sticks, known as tally sticks, were also historically used for this purpose.
Usually four marks are vertical and one is diagonal. The fifth is always quesitonble
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QMRMerchants' marks are as old as the sealings of the third millennium BCE found in Sumer that originated in the Indus Valley.[1] Impressions of cloth, strings and other packing material on the reverse of tags with seal impressions indicate that the Harappan seals were used to control economic administration and trade.[2][3] Amphorae from the Roman Empire can sometimes be traced to their sources from the inscriptions on their handles. Commercial inscriptions in Latin, known as Tituli picti, appear on Roman containers used for trade.[4]
To manage the risks of piracy or shipwreck, merchants often consigned a cargo to several vessels or caravans; a mark on a bale established legal ownership and avoided confusion. Early travellers, voyagers and merchants displayed their merchant's marks as well to ward off evil. Adventurous travellers and sailors ascribed the terrors and perils of their life to the wrath of the Devil. To counter these dangers merchants employed all sorts of religious and magical means to place their caravans, ships and merchandise under the protection of God and His Saints.
The Mystical Sign of Four, also called the "Staff of Mercury".
One such symbol combined the mystical "Sign of Four" with the merchant's name or initials. The "Sign of Four"[11] was an outgrowth of an ancient symbol adopted by the Romans and by Christianity, Chi Rho (XP), standing for the first two letters of Christus in Greek letters; this was simplified to a reversed "4" in Medieval times. The evolution of this symbol is shown in M. J. Shah's article.[12] The "Sign of Four" is called the "Staff of Mercury" (Caduceus) in German and Scandinavian literature on house marks.[13]
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The Mystical Sign of Four, also called the "Staff of Mercury".
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QMrWhen the East India Company was chartered by Elizabeth I, Queen of England in 1600 it was still customary for each merchant or Company of Merchant Adventurers to have a distinguishing mark which included the "Sign of Four" and served as a trademark. The East India Company's mark was made up from a '+', a '4' and the initials EIC.
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QMRMedstead and Four Marks railway station is a railway station in the English county of Hampshire, serving the villages of Medstead and Four Marks. At 644 ft above sea level, it is currently (2013) the highest operational standard-gauge railway station in Southern England.[citation needed]
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Also during this period, the media, community organizations, and relatives of the victims were speaking out. In mid-November 2005, talk show hosts John and Ken of the John and Ken Show on Clear Channel's KFI radio in Los Angeles, California started a "Tookie Must Die (For Killing Four Innocent People)" hour on their show daily until the execution of Williams. In the hour, they interviewed advocates of both sides of the issue and expressed their support of the impending execution.[citation needed]
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QMRStanley Williams was convicted in 1979 of all four murders with special circumstances on each count of felony murder (robbery) as well as multiple murder in the case of the Brookhaven event. The jury also convicted him of robbery in both cases, and found that he personally used a firearm in the commission of the crimes. The jury returned a verdict of Guilty, and the judge sentenced him to death.[6]
From the beginning of his sentence, Williams maintained his innocence regarding the four murders, alleging prosecutorial misconduct, exclusion of exculpatory evidence, ineffective assistance of counsel, biased jury selection, and the misuse of jailhouse and government informants.[7] Williams claimed that the police found "not a shred of tangible evidence, no fingerprints, no crime scenes of bloody boot prints. They didn't match my boots, nor eyewitnesses. Even the shotgun shells found conveniently at each crime scene didn't match the shotgun shells that I owned." However, the prosecution's firearms expert, a sheriff's deputy, testified during trial that the shotgun shell recovered from the Yang murder crime scene matched test shells from the shotgun owned by Stanley Williams. No second examiner verified his findings. The defense claims this expert's methodology was "junk science at best."[8]
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QMRThe Veterans Fast for Life was a water-only fast that lasted from September 1 to October 17, 1986 on the steps of the United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., as a protest against the U.S. policies in Central America (see Contra wars). Charles Liteky, former Army Chaplain, Vietnam veteran and recipient of the Medal of Honor, George Mizo, Vietnam veteran, Duncan Murphy, World War II veteran, and S. Brian Willson, Vietnam veteran, participated in the fast.[1] Before embarking on the fast, Charles Liteky renounced in July 1986 his Medal of Honor in protest against the U.S. policies in Central America.[2]
Charles Liteky and George Mizo started the fast on September 1, 1986, whereas Duncan Murphy and Brian Willson started on September 15, 1986.[1] By the end of September, people were rallying to support the veterans.[3] On October 15, 1986, the veterans appeared on The Phil Donahue Show. The fast ended on October 17, 1986 when the four veterans decided that the fast had been sufficiently successful in raising awareness of the public and escalating opposition to Ronald Reagan's policies.[4][1] "By this time, there had been five hundred documented actions around the country in solidarity with the fast".[1]
Various U.S. senators and members of the House of Representatives expressed support for the then ongoing fast, including Tom Harkin, Charles Mathias, Robert J. Mrazek, Patrick Leahy (who inserted a statement into the Congressional Record to support the fast[5]) and John Kerry in September 1986, and thirteen senators and seventy-five members of the House of Representatives issued a supportive joint public statement on October 7, 1986.[1] In contrast, on October 11, 1986, Senator Warren Rudman likened the four fasting veterans to terrorists.[6]
Shortly thereafter, in late 1986, the FBI initiated a "terrorism" investigation of the activities of the Plowshares group (who jammed the locks of eleven military recruitment stations in Chicago on October 29, 1986[7]) and, at the same time, those of the Veterans Fast for Life peace group, an investigation which FBI agent John C. "Jack" Ryan refused to conduct, being notably "convinced of the totally non-violent posture of the [Veterans Fast for Life group]".[8] Jack Ryan was fired for refusing to conduct the investigation.[9][7]
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QMRIn southwestern Ontario (Canada), there is an extension of this style wherein the 9s are removed from the deck and up to four "Bennys" are added. These usually take the form of either one or two Jokers and/or one or two Deuces (of differing colour, usually the Deuce of spades and, optionally, the Deuce of hearts). This is colloquially known as "Railroad Euchre" and in its simplest form (with only a single Joker or Deuce), it is identical to the English variant listed previously. As with the earlier description, the additional cards are ranked trump ahead of the right bower, regardless of the suit of trump with Deuce(s) outranking Jokers. In the case where two Jokers are added, some method is achieved for establishing a "high" and a "low" Joker. Often the cards are differentiated in some way by the manufacturer which makes this easy; for example, a coloured Joker (high) versus a black-and-white one (low), or by some other mark that distinguishes the two cards (in a pinch, marks can be added manually, but this is discouraged as it may render the card identifiable from the back). In any event, the "high" Joker always outranks the low. If one Deuce is used, it is always the highest trump in the deck. If two are used, the Deuce matching the colour of trump is highest. Turning up a Joker or Deuce on the deal is handled in the same way as described in the English method above. Although Railroad Euchre is somewhat complicated and often takes a few hands even for experienced Euchre players to grow accustomed to, the addition of up to four higher-ranking trump cards makes a significant strategic impact in the way the game is played. For clarification, assuming the addition of both deuces and both jokers, and if spades or clubs is called trump, the ranking of the four highest trump cards would be 2♠, 2♥, Joker(high), and Joker(low), with the normal progression of trump from the right bower on down thereafter. If hearts or diamonds were trump instead, the ranks of the top four cards would change to: 2♥, 2♠, Joker(high), and Joker(low). The popularity of the Railroad variants appears to decrease as more trump are added with the two and three Benny versions being the most common.
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QMRThe fourth and final season of The O.C., an American teen drama television series, aired in the United States from November 2, 2006 to February 22, 2007 and consisted of sixteen episodes. The O.C’s final season aired Thursdays at 9:00 p.m. ET in the United States on Fox, a terrestrial television network.[1] Fox tested a new timeslot by airing the second episode on Wednesday at 9:00 p.m. ET against ABC's Lost and CBS's Criminal Minds.[2] With Lost about to enter a three-month hiatus, Fox hoped that changing the timeslot for The O.C. would attract back viewers it had lost since the end of the previous season; however, the move was unsuccessful and the show returned to its Thursday timeslot.[3]
Due to the death of Marissa Cooper in the third season finale, this was the first season without one of the "core four" characters of Marissa, Ryan Atwood, Seth Cohen, and Summer Roberts;[4] however, executive producer Stephanie Savage said that Marissa's death "set up a new direction for the show".[5] The show's creator, Josh Schwartz, promised this season would be different, saying it would "focus on [the] core characters and their relationships".[5] He added that there was no point in worrying about ratings and that he "wanted to get the show back to an earlier place, try to get back to some of the humor and heart of the show that maybe wasn't as evident last year".[1] The season was released on DVD as a five-disc boxed set under the title The O.C.: The Complete Fourth Season on May 22, 2007 by Warner Bros. Home Video.[6] The season was also made available in the American versions of Zune and iTunes Store.[7][8] Before the season premiered on television, it was available through on demand streaming. In the US, streaming was available from October 26, 2006 at 3:01 a.m. ET onwards, through Fox Interactive Media's MySpace and MyFoxLocal stations.[9]
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The brothers[edit]
Sergeant Frederick "Fritz" Niland (April 23, 1920 – December 1, 1983),[2] Company H, 501st Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division. Fritz was close friends with Warren Muck and Donald Malarkey, from Company E, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division ("Easy Company"), who were both featured prominently in the 2001 HBO miniseries Band of Brothers. Fritz fought with the 501st through the first few days of the Normandy campaign. Several days following D-Day, Fritz had gone to the 82nd Airborne Division to see his brother, Bob. Once he arrived at division, he was informed that Bob had been killed on D-Day. Fritz was shipped back to England, and, finally, to the U.S. where he served as an MP in New York until the completion of the war. Fritz was awarded a Bronze Star for his service.[2] This story is evidenced in Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers, as well as from biographical data on Sampson.[3] Fritz died in 1983 in San Francisco at the age of 63.[2] Private James Ryan in Saving Private Ryan is loosely based on Fritz Niland.[1]
Technical Sergeant Robert "Bob" Niland (1919–June 6, 1944),[2] 25, Company D, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division. Killed in action on June 6, 1944 in Normandy. He volunteered to stay behind with two other men and hold off a German advance while his company retreated from Neuville-au-Plain. He was killed while manning his machine gun; the other two men survived.
Second Lieutenant Preston Niland (1915–June 7, 1944),[2] 29, 22nd Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division. He was killed in action on June 7, 1944 in Normandy, near Utah Beach.
Technical Sergeant Edward Niland (December 22, 1912 – February 1984),[2] U.S. Army Air Forces. Imprisoned in a Japanese POW camp in Burma, captured on May 16, 1944; liberated on May 4, 1945.[2][4] Edward had parachuted from his B-25 Mitchell[5] and wandered the jungles of Burma before being captured. He was held as a prisoner for a year before being liberated in May 1945. Edward lived in Tonawanda until his death in 1984 at the age of 72.[2] In "D-Day June 6 1944", Ambrose incorrectly states that Edward died in Burma.
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QMR
"one bang two bang three bang four find out who you trust to be knockin at your door"
Rest in peace to Jihadi John and the Beatles. They gave him the psychiatric shot/bomb but who made him go "crazy" in the first place.
Mohammed Emwazi (born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri; Arabic: محمد جاسم عبد الكريم عليان الظفيري; 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a British Arab alleged to be the person seen in several videos produced by the Islamic extremist group ISIL showing the beheadings of a number of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him "John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with English accents whom they called "The Beatles"; the press later began calling him "Jihadi John".[3]
"I could have swore when they took my Dad i could have killed a cop or two when I went to look back imagine back then I was only six just picture me now with a loaded stick"------------- they took Jinny's Dad leaving him open to psychiatric slavery
"shouts to my mother cuz I seen her raisin eight kids you always knew whats best for me I hope I die before I see you rest in peace". John had nothing to live for nothing to lose he lost everything he lost his Dad he was marginalized. Rest in peace brother, you got what you wished for. A psychiatrist would say this was suicidal ideation and call Jinny crazy and castrate him. And he was castrated/killed by the psychiatrists/bombs. Rest in peace brother.
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QMrFour (styled as four) is the breakthrough album by American jam band Blues Traveler, released on September 13, 1994.
Four peaked at #8 on the Billboard 200 albums chart (North America) and is most known for its hits "Run-Around" & "Hook", which charted at #8 & #23, respectively on the Billboard Hot 100. Both songs also charted in the top 20 on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks & Hot Modern Rock Tracks charts, as well. According to the RIAA, the album is certified as 6x Platinum (6 million copies sold in the U.S.). "Run-Around" won the 1995 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a duo or group.[5]
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QMRIn 1956, with college fellow Peter Ward, Mayall had founded the Powerhouse Four which consisted of both men and other local musicians with whom they played at local dances. In 1962 Mayall became a member of the Blues Syndicate. The band was formed by trumpeter John Rowlands and alto saxophonist Jack Massarik, who had seen the Alexis Korner band at a Manchester club and wanted to try a similar blend of jazz and blues. It also included rhythm guitarist Ray Cummings and drummer Hughie Flint, whom Mayall already knew. In 1962 John and his band were frequent and popular artists at all night R&B sessions at the 'Twisted Wheel' cellar club in central Manchester. Alexis Korner persuaded Mayall to opt for a full-time musical career and move to London, where Korner introduced him to many other musicians and helped them to find gigs. In late 1963, with his band which was now called the Bluesbreakers, Mayall started playing at the Marquee Club. The line-up was Mayall, Ward, John McVie on bass and guitarist Bernie Watson, formerly of Cyril Davies and the R&B All-Stars. The next spring Mayall obtained his first recording date with producer Ian Samwell. The band, with Martin Hart at the drums, recorded two tracks : "Crawling Up a Hill" as well as "Mr. James."[6] Shortly after, Hughie Flint replaced Hart and Roger Dean took the guitar from Bernie Watson. This line-up backed John Lee Hooker on his British tour in 1964.
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QMRRaymond E. Brown, among others, posit a community of writers rather than a single individual that gave final form to the work.[74] In particular, Chapter 21 is very stylistically different from the main body of the Gospel, and is thought to be a later addition (known as the appendix). Among many Christian scholars the view has evolved that there were multiple stages of development involving the disciples as well as the apostle; R.E. Brown (1970) distinguishes four stages of development: traditions connected directly with the apostle, partial editing by his disciples, synthesis by the apostle, and additions by a final editor. At the very least, it seems clear that in chapter 21 someone else speaks in the third person plural ("we"), ostensibly as the voice of a community that believes the testimony of this other person called the "beloved disciple" to be true.
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QMrChief Phil Lane Jr. (Philip Nathan Lane, Jr.) (born 1944) is a traditionally recognized Hereditary Chief and Elder.[4] He is an enrolled member of the Ihanktonwan Dakota and Chickasaw Nations, and is a citizen of both Canada and the United States. With Master's degrees in Education at National University and Public Administration at the University of Washington, Chief Phil Lane, Jr. is an internationally recognized[5] indigenous leader in human and community development.[2] The founder and chairman of the Four World's International Institute (FWII), an organization dedicated to "unifying the human family through the Fourth Way",[6][7] Chief Phil Lane, Jr. is the recipient of many awards, including the John Denver Windstar Award, and is a frequent speaker on behalf of indigenous rights and wisdom.[8][9][10]
A known film and video producer, community leader, writer, speaker, educator, consultant and editor, Chief Phil Lane is the co-author with Jon Ramer of "Deep Social Networks and the Digital Fourth Way"[11] a document that outlines sixteen principles as a road map for creating holistic change using internet technologies as a basis by which to share with indigenous peoples globally. Lane has spent the greater part of his life building alliances, especially with native peoples, in both of the Americas in fulfillment of native prophecies[12] concerning the reunification of the "Eagle and The Condor"[13] Most recently, Lane was featured in the film "The Shift of the Ages"[14] which explores the topic of the Mayan 2012 calendar prophecies.
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QMRSichuan (Chinese: 四川; pinyin: About this sound Sìchuān, formerly Szechwan or Szechuan) is a province in southwest China. The capital is Chengdu, a key economic centre of Western China.
The name of the province is an abbreviation of Sì Chuānlù (四川路), or "Four circuits of rivers", which is itself abbreviated from Chuānxiá Sìlù (川峡四路), or "Four circuits of rivers and gorges", named after the division of the existing circuit into four during the Northern Song dynasty.[4]
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dear Otto Mahatma Pinkus Torres
re: necklace
The following book was written by the founder of the Thule society.
That is significant.
http://www.amazon.ca/Secret-Practices-Sufi-Fre…/…/1594774684
^^^ something I noticed in this book regarding the three chapters that comprise this book, and the symbols associated to each chapter**
[**not sure if the original author or interpreter put them there?]
however whoever put them there, it clearly seems to show a progression
Practice = ankh
Theory = swastika
Theory and Practise = hexagon
so yes what I am suggesting is that I can show ye how to evolve from the ankh >>> swastika >>> hexagon
[this could explain why the swastika can be found in synagogues later tiled over in favor of the Star of David ...]
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more proof that the WEST suffers from a terrible malady called 'I am blissfully ignorant' and I want the world to change to reflect my self imposed ignorance which is heavily rooted in a CULTural cognitive bias.
Japan should NOT change their maps.
It is the ignorant western tourists who need to alter the maps to their hearts and minds.
namaste
137 SS Mystic
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QMR
Thanks Francisco for this one
Fred Durst
"Who can be the boss look up to the cross stranded in the Land of the Lost"
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QMrFollowing Gampopa's teachings, there evolved the so-called "Four Primary and Eight Secondary" lineages of the Dagpo Kagyu School.
The four primary sub-schools of the Dagpo Kagyu[edit]
Tshalpa Kagyu founded by Zhang Yudrakpa Tsöndru Drakpa
Karma Kagyu or Karma Kamtsang founded by the first Karmapa, Düsum Khyenpa.
Barom Kagyu founded by Barompa Darma Wangchug
Phagdru Kagyu founded by Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo (1110-1170)
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QMRThe Dagpo Kagyu "Four Syllables" tradition - This is the tradition that derives from Matripa. The four syllables are a-ma-na-si which comprise the Sanskrit word meaning 'not to take to mind' and passed through the Dagpo Kagyu branches, i.e. any that descend from the teachings of Tilopa rather than those of Niguma, which in practice means all but the Shangpa Kagyu.
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QMrThe Four Preps are an American popular music male quartet. In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, the group amassed eight gold singles and three gold albums. Its million-selling signature tunes included "26 Miles," "Big Man," "Lazy Summer Night," and "Down by the Station."
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QMRThere are two main categories of fibres used: natural fibre and man-made fibre (synthetics or petroleum based). Some natural fibres are linen, the first used historically, hemp, cotton, the most used, ramie, wool, silk and more recently bamboo or soya. Some synthetic fibres are polyester, tencel, viscose, etc. Polyester mixed with cotton (poly-cotton) is often used. Fabrics for shirts are called shirtings. The four main weaves for shirtings are plain weave, oxford, twill and satin. Broadcloth, poplin and end-on-end are variations of the plain weave. After weaving, finishing can be applied to the fabric.
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QMROne of the Qianlong Emperor's grandest projects was to "assemble a team of China's finest scholars for the purpose of assembling, editing, and printing the largest collection ever made of Chinese philosophy, history, and literature."[19] Known as the Four Treasuries Project (or Siku Quanshu), it was published in 36,000 volumes, containing about 3450 complete works and employing as many as 15,000 copyists. It preserved numerous books, but was also intended as a way to ferret out and suppress political opponents, requiring the "careful examination of private libraries to assemble a list of around eleven thousand works from the past, of which about a third were chosen for publication. The works not included were either summarised or – in a good many cases – scheduled for destruction."[19]
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