Quadrant Model of Reality: Quadrant Model of Reality Book 29 Art and Philosophy

Art Chapter

Painting Chapter

Music Chapter

QMRTubb always surrounded himself with some of Nashville's best musicians. Jimmy Short, his first guitarist in the Troubadours, is credited with the Tubb sound of single-string guitar picking. From about 1943 to 1948, Short featured clean, clear riffs throughout Tubb's songs. Other well-known musicians to either travel with Tubb as band members or record on his records were steel guitarist Jerry Byrd and Tommy "Butterball" Paige, who replaced Short as Tubb's lead guitarist in 1947. Billy Byrd joined the Troubadours in 1949 and brought jazzy riffs to the instrumental interludes, especially the four-note riff at the end of his guitar solos that would become synonymous with Tubb's songs. Actually a jazz musician, Byrd—no relation to Jerry—remained with Tubb until 1959.[7]

QMRWilde hesitated about submitting the script to Alexander, worrying that it might be unsuitable for the St James's Theatre, whose typical repertoire was relatively serious, and explaining that it had been written in response to a request for a play "with no real serious interest".[11] When Henry James's Guy Domville failed, Alexander turned to Wilde and agreed to put on his play.[8] Alexander began his usual meticulous preparations, interrogating the author on each line and planning stage movements with a toy theatre. In the course of these rehearsals Alexander asked Wilde to shorten the play from four acts to three. Wilde agreed and combined elements of the second and third acts.[12] The largest cut was the removal of the character of Mr. Gribsby, a solicitor who comes from London to arrest the profligate "Ernest" (i.e., Jack) for his unpaid dining bills. Algernon, who is posing as "Ernest", will be led away to Holloway Jail unless he settles his accounts immediately. Jack finally agrees to pay for Ernest, everyone thinking that it is Algernon's bill when in fact it is his own.[8] The four-act version was first played on the radio in a BBC production and is still sometimes performed. Peter Raby argues that the three-act structure is more effective, and that the shorter original text is more theatrically resonant than the expanded published edition.[13]

QMREvan Thomas, Sea of Thunder: Four Commanders and the Last Great Naval Campaign 1941–1945, Simon & Schuster, 2006. ISBN 0-7432-5221-7

QMRThe Guinness share-trading fraud was a British business scandal of the 1980s. It involved the manipulation of the stock market to inflate the price of Guinness shares to thereby assist Guinness's £4 billion takeover bid for the Scottish drinks company Distillers. Four businessmen were convicted of criminal offences for taking part in the manipulation. The European Court of Human Rights, in Strasbourg, later found that their trial violated the defendants' human rights by making improper use of statements.[1] The scandal was discovered in testimony given by the US stock trader Ivan Boesky as part of a plea bargain. Ernest Saunders, Gerald Ronson, Jack Lyons and Anthony Parnes, the so-called "Guinness four", were charged, paid large fines and, with the exception of Lyons, who was suffering from ill health, served prison sentences later reduced on appeal.[2]

QMRErnest Walter Saunders (born 21 October 1935) is a British former business manager, best known as one of the "Guinness Four", a group of businessmen who attempted fraudulently to manipulate the share price of the Guinness company. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, but released after 10 months as he was believed to be suffering from Alzheimer's disease, which is incurable. He subsequently made a full recovery.

QMRThe Fab Faux is a musical tribute band performing the works of The Beatles (whose members were often known as the "Fab Four"). The group was founded by Will Lee, bassist for Late Show with David Letterman, and features Jimmy Vivino, bandleader for Conan. Other members include Rich Pagano, Frank Agnello, and Jack Petruzzelli. The band is committed to performing live what they feel would be an accurate reproduction of The Beatles' repertoire, often performing material The Beatles never played live. The band is often accompanied by a horn section (known as the Hogshead Horns) and a string section (known as the Creme Tangerine Strings) to achieve the proper sound.

QMRKarl Benjamin (December 29, 1925 – July 26, 2012) was an American painter of vibrant geometric abstractions, who rose to fame in 1959 as one of four Los Angeles-based Abstract Classicists and subsequently produced a critically acclaimed body of work that explores a vast array of color relationships. Working quietly at his home in Claremont, CA, he developed a rich vocabulary of colors and hard-edge shapes in masterful compositions of tightly balanced repose or high-spirited energy. At once intuitive and systematic, the artist is, in the words of critic Christopher Knight, "a colorist of great wit and inventiveness."[1]

The "Four Abstract Classicists" exhibition[edit]

Multi Triangles (Untitled # 26) by Karl Benjamin, 1969, Honolulu Museum of Art

Karl Benjamin: "Orange, Red, Umber" 1958, 52 x 36 inches. ©Benjamin Artworks, reproduced by permission.

Benjamin had early success in Southern California, showing his work in museums and community galleries, but the event that put his work under a national spotlight and gave him a lasting label was "Four Abstract Classicists". Also featuring the work of Lorser Feitelson, John McLaughlin and Frederick Hammersley, the 1959-60 exhibition was viewed as Los Angeles’ answer to Abstract Expressionism. The West Coast artists’ crisp abstractions offered a bracingly cool alternative to New York’s emotion and action-packed style.

The exhibition was organized by critic Jules Langsner, and opened at the San Francisco Museum of Art, (now the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art) then travelled to the Los Angeles County Museum at Exposition Park (now the Los Angeles County Museum of Art). Renamed "West Coast Hard-Edge," the revised version later traveled to the Institute of Contemporary Art in London and Queen’s University in Belfast, Northern Ireland.[2]

In the exhibition catalog, Langsner described Abstract Classicist painting as "Hard-edge painting" in which "color and shape are one and the same entity. Form gains its existence through color and color its being through form." Of Benjamin’s work, he wrote: "The elongated forms in the Karl Benjamin paintings interlock in a continuous composition that seems to be without beginning or end. Whenever one of these zigzag shapes appears to overlap an adjacent zigzag, it tucks itself back in somewhere else."

"Four Abstract Classicists reveals, in retrospect, not merely four senior moderns who reduced their painting to precise, flat profundities, but a current of sensibility in the esthetic climate of Los Angeles," critic Peter Plagens wrote in 1974. As he saw it, the hard-edge style rose from Los Angeles’ "desert air, youthful cleanliness, spatial expanse, architectural tradition" and an optimistic belief in a refined, spiritually charged art that could fulfill human needs for visual and intellectual pleasure. Multi Triangles (Untitled # 26) from 1969, in the collection of the Honolulu Museum of Art, demonstrates the artist's hard-edge painting style applied to strict geometric abstraction.

QMR Levy, Paul (20 July 2002). "A String Quartet in Four Movements". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 1 February 2016.

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QMRBritish critic Lytton Strachey revolutionized the art of biographical writing with his 1918 work Eminent Victorians, consisting of biographies of four leading figures from the Victorian era, Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Thomas Arnold and General Gordon.[10] Strachey set out to breathe life into the Victorian era for future generations to read. Up until this point, as Strachey remarked in the preface, Victorian biographies had been "as familiar as the cortège of the undertaker", and wore the same air of "slow, funereal barbarism." Strachey defied the tradition of "two fat volumes....of undigested masses of material" and took aim at the four iconic figures. His narrative demolished the myths that had built up around these cherished national heroes, whom he regarded as no better than a "set of mouth bungled hypocrites". The book achieved worldwide fame due to its irreverent and witty style, its concise and factually accurate nature, and its artistic prose.[11]

QMRBenjamin Morrell (July 5, 1795 – 1838 or 1839?) was an American sea captain, explorer and trader who made a number of voyages, mainly to the Atlantic, the Southern Ocean and the Pacific Islands. In a ghost-written memoir, A Narrative of Four Voyages, which describes his sea-going life between 1823 and 1832, Morrell included numerous claims of discovery and achievement, many of which have been disputed by geographers and historians, and in some cases have been proved false. He ended his career as a fugitive, having wrecked his ship and misappropriated parts of the salvaged cargo.

QMRThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is the traditional name for the unfinished record of his own life written by Benjamin Franklin from 1771 to 1790; however, Franklin himself appears to have called the work his Memoirs. Although it had a tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has become one of the most famous and influential examples of an autobiography ever written.

Franklin's account of his life is divided into four parts, reflecting the different periods at which he wrote them. There are actual breaks in the narrative between the first three parts, but Part Three's narrative continues into Part Four without an authorial break (only an editorial one).

Part One[edit]

Part One of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William, at that time (1771) Royal Governor of New Jersey. While in England at the estate of the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, Franklin, now 65 years old, begins by saying that it may be agreeable to his son to know some of the incidents of his father's life; so with a week's uninterrupted leisure, he is beginning to write them down for William. He starts with some anecdotes of his grandfather, uncles, father and mother. He deals with his childhood, his fondness for reading, and his service as an apprentice to his brother James Franklin, a Boston printer and the publisher of the New England Courant. After improving his writing skills through study of the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, he writes an anonymous paper and slips it under the door of the printing house by night. Not knowing its author, James and his friends praise the paper and it is published in the Courant, which encourages Ben to produce more essays (the "Silence Dogood" essays) which are also published. When Ben reveals his authorship, James is angered, thinking the recognition of his papers will make Ben too vain. James and Ben have frequent disputes and Ben seeks for a way to escape from working under James.

Eventually James gets in trouble with the colonial assembly, which jails him for a short time and then forbids him to continue publishing his paper. James and his friends come up with the stratagem that the Courant should hereafter be published under the name of Benjamin Franklin, although James will still actually be in control. James signs a discharge of Ben's apprenticeship papers but writes up new private indenture papers for Ben to sign which will secure Ben's service for the remainder of the agreed time. But when a fresh disagreement arises between the brothers, Ben chooses to leave James, correctly judging that James will not dare to produce the secret indenture papers. ("It was not fair in me to take this Advantage," Franklin comments, "and this I therefore reckon one of the first Errata of my life.") James does, however, make it impossible for Ben to get work anywhere else in Boston. Sneaking onto a ship without his father's or brother's knowledge, Ben heads for New York, but the printer William Bradford is unable to employ him; however, he tells Ben that his son Andrew, a Philadelphia printer, may be able to use him since one of his son's principal employees had just died.

By the time Ben reaches Philadelphia, Andrew Bradford has already replaced his employee, but refers Ben to Samuel Keimer, another printer in the city, who is able to give him work. The Governor, Sir William Keith, takes notice of Franklin and offers to set him up in business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin goes to London for printing supplies, but when he arrives, he finds that Keith has not written the promised letter of recommendation for him, and that "no one who knew him had the smallest Dependence on him." Franklin finds work in London until an opportunity arises of returning to Philadelphia as an assistant to Thomas Denham, a Quaker merchant; but when Denham takes ill and dies, he returns to manage Keimer's shop. Keimer soon comes to feel that Franklin's wages are too high and provokes a quarrel which causes the latter to quit. At this point a fellow employee, Hugh Meredith, suggests that Franklin and he set up a partnership to start a printing shop of their own; this is subsidized by funds from Meredith's father, though most of the work is done by Franklin as Meredith is not much of a press worker and is given to drinking.

They establish their business, and plan to start a newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this plan, he rushes out a paper of his own, the Pennsylvania Gazette. This publication limps along for three quarters of a year before Franklin buys the paper from Keimer and makes it "extremely profitable." (The Saturday Evening Post traces its lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partnership also receives an appointment as printer for the Pennsylvania assembly. When Hugh Meredith's father experiences financial setbacks and cannot continue backing the partnership, two friends separately offer to lend Franklin the money he needs to stay in business; the partnership amicably dissolves as Meredith goes to North Carolina, and Franklin takes from each friend half the needed sum, continuing his business in his own name. In 1730 he marries Deborah Read, and after this, with the help of the Junto, he draws up proposals for Library Company of Philadelphia. At this point Part One breaks off, with a memo in Franklin's writing noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two[edit]

The second part begins with two letters Franklin received in the early 1780s while in Paris, encouraging him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents have read Part One. (Although Franklin does not say so, there had been a breach with his son William after the writing of Part One, since the father had sided with the Revolutionaries and the son had remained loyal to the British Crown.)

At Passy, a suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, giving a more detailed account of his public library plan. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project of arriving at moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect in himself. He creates a book with columns for each day of the week, in which he marks with black spots his offenses against each virtue.[1] Of these virtues, he notices that Order is the hardest for him to keep. He eventually realizes that perfection is not to be attained, but feels himself better and happier because of his attempt.

Part Three[edit]

Beginning in August 1788 when Franklin had returned to Philadelphia, the author says he will not be able to utilize his papers as much as he had expected, since many were lost in the recent Revolutionary War. He has, however, found and quotes a couple of his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is the "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he then considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He had intended this as a basis for a projected sect but, Franklin says, did not pursue the project.

In 1732, Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanac, which becomes very successful. He also continues his profitable newspaper. In 1734, a preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on his behalf. However, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of his sermons from others, although Franklin rationalizes this by saying he would rather hear good sermons taken from others than poor sermons of the man's own composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to smallpox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into subordinate clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk of the General Assembly in 1736, and the following year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster General, which makes it easier to get reports and fulfill subscriptions for his newspaper. He proposes improvements to the city' watch and fire prevention regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons and journals and lodging him in his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides the capital for several of his workers to start printing houses of their own in other colonies. He makes further proposals for the public good, including some for the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend with the pacifist position of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove, refusing a patent on the device because it was for "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is raised by subscription for it and it expands so much that a new building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of the peace) and helps negotiate a treaty with the Indians. After helping Dr. Thomas Bond establish a hospital, he helps pave the streets of Philadelphia and draws up a proposal for Dr. John Fothergill about doing the same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The next year, as war with the French is expected, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with the Indians to discuss defense; Franklin at this time draws up a proposal for the union of the colonies, but it is not adopted. General Braddock arrives with two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the general refuses to take Ben's warning about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's troops are subsequently attacked, the general is mortally wounded and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A militia is formed on the basis of a proposal by Benjamin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command of the northwestern frontier. With his son as aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men for the militia and building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, he is chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him by personally escorting him out of town. This attention offends the proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an account of it in a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to the government in England about Franklin.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because this work calls into question his own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of letters attacking Franklin. Declining to respond on the grounds that anyone could duplicate and thus verify his experiments, Franklin sees another French author refute Nollet, and as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is also voted an honorary member of the Royal Society.

A new governor arrives, but disputes between the assembly and the governor continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill the instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a continuing struggle for power between the legislature and the governor and proprietor.) The assembly is on the verge of sending Franklin to England to petition the King against the governor and proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of the English government to mediate the differences. Franklin nevertheless goes to England accompanied by his son, after stopping at New York and making an unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of funds during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four[edit]

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very brief. After Franklin and his son arrive in London, the former is counselled by Dr. Fothergill on the best way to advocate his cause on behalf of the colonies. Franklin visits Lord Granville, president of the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king is the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Thomas Penn are involved). But the respective sides are far from any kind of agreement. The proprietaries ask Franklin to write a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does so, their solicitor for reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a year later, the proprietaries finally respond to the assembly, regarding the summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor to pass a taxation act, and Franklin defends the act in English court so that it can receive royal assent. While the assembly thanks Franklin, the proprietaries, enraged at the governor, turn him out and threaten legal action against him; in the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

QMRYG released mixtape The Real 4Fingaz

QMROn 29 July 1913 The Times of London printed four letters Charlotte had written to Constantin Héger after leaving Brussels in 1844.[32] Written in French except for one postscript in English, the letters broke the prevailing image of Charlotte as an angelic martyr to Christian and female duties that had been constructed by many biographers, beginning with Gaskell.[32] The letters, which formed part of a larger and somewhat one-sided correspondence in which Héger frequently appears not to have replied, reveal that she had been in love with a married man, although they are complex and have been interpreted in numerous ways, including as an example of literary self-dramatisation and an expression of gratitude from a former pupil.[32]

qmr Jaffe, Greg; Cloud, David (2009). The Fourth Star: Four Generals and the Epic Struggle for the Future of the United States Army. New York, NY: Crown Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-307-40907-2.

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QMRMuhammad Hamidullah wrote four books on Sira Muhammad Rasulullah: A concise survey of the life and work of the founder of Islam; The prophet of Islam: Prophet of migration; The Prophet's establishing a state and his succession; Battlefields of the Prophet Muhammad.

QMRThe First String Quartet by American composer Elliott Carter was written during a year spent in the Arizona desert from 1950-51. To some extent, it can be said that this was his first major breakthrough work as a composer.

A primary compositional technique used in the quartet is the principle of metric modulation (temporal modulation)—one for which Carter was to become particularly renowned. Although he was not the first composer to use this device (such as Stravinsky's Symphonies of Wind Instruments, (1920)) he was seemingly the first to develop such complex transformations. It is said that Carter assigned to tempo the structural role that earlier composers gave to tonality.

The quartet embeds four movements in three sections, all contained between two solo cadenzas acting as bookends at each end of the quartet. The two cadenzas—the first for cello and the concluding for first violin—frame the piece conceptually, as Carter explains:

Like the desert horizons I saw daily while it was being written, the First Quartet presents a continuous unfolding and changing of expressive characters—one woven into the other or emerging from it—on a large scale. The general plan was suggested by Jean Cocteau's film Le Sang d'un poète, in which the entire dreamlike action is framed by an interrupted slow-motion shot of a tall brick chimney in an empty lot being dynamited. Just as the chimney begins to fall apart, the shot is broken off and the entire movie follows, after which the shot of the chimney is resumed at the point it left off, showing its disintegration in mid-air, and closing the film with its collapse on the ground. A similar interrupted continuity is employed in this quartet's starting with a cadenza for cello alone that is continued by the first violin alone at the very end. On one level, I interpret Cocteau's idea (and my own) as establishing the difference between external time (measured by the falling chimney, or the cadenza) and internal dream time (the main body of the work)—the dream time lasting but a moment of external time, but from the dreamer's point of view, a long stretch.[1]

Within these bookends Carter composes four different sections, which he considers proper movements. However, the movements are not differentiated by pauses, instead bleeding into one another for an integration that pauses would only distort. Carter elaborates on this point:

Note that while there are really four movements in this piece, only three are marked in the score as separate movements, and these three do not correspond to the four "real" movements. The four "real" movements are Fantasia, Allegro scorrevole, Adagio, and Variations. But the movements are all played attacca, with the pauses coming in the middle of the Allegro scorrevole and near the beginning of the Variations. Thus there are only two pauses, dividing the piece into three sections. The reason for this unusual division of movements is that the tempo and character change, which occurs between what are usually called movements, is the goal, the climax of the techniques of metrical modulation which have been used. It would destroy the effect to break off the logical plan of movement just at its high point. Thus pauses can come only between sections using the same basic material. This is most obvious in the case of the pause before the movement marked Variations. In reality, at that point the Variations have already been going on for some time.[2]

In its treatment of vertical pitch space, the First String Quartet falls relatively early within Carter's development of a harmonic procedure involving sets of pitch classes. Specifically, Carter claims that he was guided by an all-interval tetrachord in the development of this work.

In all my works from the Cello Sonata up through the Double Concerto I used specific chords mainly as unifying factors in the musical rhetoric—that is, as frequently recurring central sounds from which the different pitch material of the pieces was derived. For example, my First String Quartet is based on an "all-interval" four-note chord, which is used constantly, both vertically and occasionally as a motive to join all the intervals of the work into a characteristic sound whose presence is felt "through" all the very different kinds of linear intervallic writing. This chord functions as a harmonic "frame" for the work in just the sense I meant earlier, in talking about all the events and details of a piece of music feel as if they belong together and constitute a convincing and unified musical continuity.[3]

Elsewhere he notes that this chord is "one of the two four-note groups that joins all the two-note intervals into pairs, thus allowing for the total range of interval qualities that still can be referred back to a basic chord-sound. This chord is not used at every moment in the work but occurs frequently enough, especially in important places, to function, I hope, as a formative factor."[4]

The horizontal element—time—more explicitly occupies Carter's attention in the First String Quartet. Carter's primary means of maintaining motion while also varying that motion is a technique penned by Richard Franko Goldman as "metric modulation."[5] In this process the music continuously changes meters in such a way that either the subdivision of the beat or the beat itself stays the same. In the former case the tempo will change as the number of micro-pulses (which maintain their rate) within the beat change; in the latter (signaled in the score with doubled bar lines) the subdivision will change while the macro-pulse stays the same. Within the progression of modulations different voices behave as though they are in different meters as different voices either prepare, result from, or resist meter changes, not in congruence with each other. This allows Carter to move smoothly between asynchronicity and synchronicity of voices. As musicologist Joseph Kerman summarizes, "Simultaneous speeds give Carter novel possibilities of texture; successive speeds give him novel possibilities of musical movement."[6]

His Second Quartet is far more fragmentary in style.

QMRFour Lauds for solo violin (1999, 1984, 2000, 1999)

"Statement – Remembering Aaron"

"Riconoscenza per Goffredo Petrassi"

"Rhapsodic Musings"

"Fantasy – Remembering

QMRThe Allen-Bradley Clock Tower, owned by Allen-Bradley, a product brand of Rockwell Automation, has long been a landmark in Milwaukee. According to the Guinness Book of World Records: "The largest four-faced clock is that on the research and office addition of the Allen-Bradley Company. Each face has a diameter of 40 feet, 3-1/2 inches. Dedicated on October 31, 1962, it rises 280 feet from the streets of Milwaukee, and requires 34.6 kilowatts of electricity for lighting and power.

QMR I already did this one but I want to do it again

Simon is an electronic game of memory skill invented by Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison,[1] with software programming by Lenny Cope, The original version was manufactured and distributed by Milton Bradley but now the game is currently manufactured by Hasbro. Much of the assembly language was written by Dr. Charles Kapps[citation needed], who taught computer science at Temple University and also wrote one of the first books on the theory of computer programming. Simon was launched in 1978 at Studio 54 in New York City and was an immediate success, becoming a pop culture symbol of the 1970s and 1980s.

Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison [1] were first introduced to Atari’s game Touch Me at the Music Operators of America (MOA) trade show in 1976.[2] Baer said of the product, “Nice gameplay. Terrible execution. Visually boring. Miserable, rasping sounds.”[2] The original prototype, built by Baer, included the Texas Instruments TMS 1000 microprocessor chip, which was low cost and used by many games of the 1970s. Lenny Cope,[2] who was one of Ralph H. Baer’s partners, worked on the programming code for the core of the game, titled Follow Me at the time. Baer developed the tones of the game, inspired by the notes of a bugle. It was when they pitched the demo, an 8-inch-by-8-inch console, to the Milton Bradley Company that the name of the game was changed to Simon. Simon debuted in 1978 at the cost of $24.95 (equivalent to $91 in 2016) and became one of the top selling toys that Christmas.[2]

In 2013, Hasbro re-invented Simon once again with Simon Swipe. The game was demonstrated at New York Toy Fair 2014 and was released in the Summer as planned.[3] The game is a circle that looks like a steering wheel. It has been extended from four buttons to eight touchscreen buttons which are flattened out on the unit.[4] The game feature four game modes which are called Levels, Classic, Party and Extreme. Levels is the main game of Simon Swipe. The player has to go through all sixteen levels to beat the game. Classic, Party and Extreme levels focus on one pattern getting longer and longer until the player is out. A smaller version of the game called Simon Micro Series was introduced in the Fall of 2014. This version has only two game modes called Solo and Pass It and features 14 levels and four buttons.

In 2016, Hasbro are launching the follow up to Simon Swipe with Simon Air. The game was announced at Hasbro's Press Conference before the 2016 New York Toy Fair. This version of Simon uses motion sensors, similar to how Mattel's Loopz line of games are played. The game has three game modes, Solo, Classic and Multiplayer.[5] it is expected to be released in Fall 2016.[6]

Gameplay[edit]

The device has four colored buttons, each producing a particular tone when it is pressed or activated by the device. A round in the game consists of the device lighting up one or more buttons in a random order, after which the player must reproduce that order by pressing the buttons. As the game progresses, the number of buttons to be pressed increases.

Simon is named after the simple children's game of Simon Says, but the gameplay is based on Atari's unpopular Touch Me arcade game from 1974. Simon differs from Touch Me in that the Touch Me buttons were all the same color (black) and the sounds it produced were harsh and grating.

Simon's tones, on the other hand, were designed to always be harmonic,[2] no matter what order they were played in, and consisted of an A major triad in second inversion which resembles a Trumpet fanfare:

E-note (blue, lower right);

C♯-note (yellow, lower left);

A-note (red, upper right).

E-note (green, upper left, an octave lower than blue);

The re-released version of Simon

Simon was later re-released by Milton Bradley – now owned by Hasbro – in its original circular form, though with a translucent case rather than plain black. It was also sold as a two-sided Simon Squared version, with the reverse side having eight buttons for head-to-head play, and as a keychain (officially licensed by Fun4All) with simplified gameplay (only having Game 1, Difficulty 4 available). Other variations of the original game, no longer produced, include Pocket Simon and the eight-button Super Simon, both from 1980. Finally, Nelsonic released an official wristwatch version of Simon.[7]

Later versions of the game being sold include a pocket version of the original game in a smaller, yellow, oval-shaped case; Simon Trickster, which plays the original game as well as variations where the colors shift around from button to button (Simon Bounce), where the buttons have no colors at all (Simon Surprise), or where the player must repeat the sequence backwards (Simon Rewind);[8] and a pocket version of Simon Trickster.

In the latest version, Simon Swipe, the notes are as follows:

G-note (blue, lower right);

C-note (yellow, lower left);

E-note (red, upper right).

G-note (green, upper left, an octave higher than blue)

The swiping sounds are presented with sliding between notes. The bigger the slide, the bigger the swipe will be.

Clones[edit]

As a popular game, Simon inspired many imitators and knockoffs. Most notably, Atari released a handheld version of Touch Me in 1978, with multicolored buttons and pleasant musical tones. Despite being named for their older arcade game, the handheld Touch Me contained Simon's three game variations and four difficulty levels, albeit with limits of eight, 16, 32, and 99 instead of eight, 14, 20 and 31. Even its button layout mirrored Simon's, with blue in the upper-left, yellow in the upper-right, red in the lower-left, and green in the lower-right, the same layout as Simon turned upside-down. Its only unique features were a LED score display, similar to the one its arcade counterpart had, and its small size, similar to a pocket calculator.

Other clones include:

A Simon clone called Monkey See, Monkey Do which featured a similar casing as that of Simon, except that the buttons were oval-shaped.

Tiger Electronics' Copy Cat in 1979, re-released with a transparent case in 1988 and used buzzers.

Also released as Copy Cat Jr. in 1981

Copy Cat was re-packaged and released by Sears as Follow Me

Copy Cat Jr. was similarly released by both Tandy Computers and Radio Shack as Pocket Repeat

Castle Toy's Einstein in 1979

Space Echo by an unknown company.

Makezine has a DIY version that requires soldering.[9]

another DIY version called Electronic Memory Game based on ARM Cortex microcontrollers [10]

The "Game A" mode of the second game in the Game & Watch handheld series, Flagman (Silver, 5th Jun 1980). "Game B" is the same, but doesn't play in a sequence, while the player has a limited time to press the corresponding number lit up.

A Star Wars version featuring R2D2 sounds by Tiger Electronics, 1997.

Vtech's Wizard

A side quest in both the SNES and Game Boy Advance versions of Donkey Kong Country 3: Dixie Kong's Double Trouble! involves freeing creatures called "Banana Birds" using this method, pressing the corresponding buttons on each system's controller.

Soviet Elektronika IE-01 Ivolga is a nearly exactly looking replica of Simon.

Oddworld games have simon gameplay. The playable character has to get passed through certain puzzles with a sequence of sounds.

The same gameplay also appears on multi-game handhelds such as:

Mego Corporation's Fabulous Fred (Game 3, The Memory Game)

Parker Brothers' Merlin (Game 3, Echo).

Atari also included a nine-button version of Touch Me as game variations 1-4 (out of 19) on the 1978 Brain Games cartridge for the Atari 2600.

A fan made homebrew video game version of Simon was unofficially made available for modded Wiis in 2008.

A Harry Potter wand released in 2001 called 'Harry Potter Magic Spell Challenge' also made by Hasbro had Simon gameplay and voice commands which are 'Wingardium' and 'Leviosa'.[11]

Audio[edit]

Some versions of the game have tones that play as long as you push the button down. Others have a constant time of the sound. Other versions feature audio themes: animals (cat/dog/pig/cow), xylophone, football, galaxy (space sounds), some of which (animals, football) make the game easier to play. Yet others can have sound on/off setting, making the game harder by relying just on visual cues.

In popular culture[edit]

In the 1987 Stephen King's novel The Tommyknockers, a forgotten SIMON game, left in the back seat of a reporters car, activates itself and, in an ever accelerated color switching frenzy, overheats and melts its casing, scorching the seat beneath. The driver, surprised by this, knocks it to the floor before the whole thing goes up in flames.

Simon appeared on It's Always Sunny In Philadelphia in the episode "A Very Sunny Christmas", during which Mac finds the game in his closet and Charlie finds the game extremely difficult.

Simon appeared on an episode of Little Miss Gamer as her portable gaming system. It caused her to meet Tom Green and Blackwolf the Dragon Master.

Simon appeared in American Dad! episode "The One That Got Away" with the family becoming addicted to the game, playing it for days without moving.

Simon appeared in the film Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009). Flint, the main character, has to click the correct sequence on a Simon to get into his lab.

Simon appeared in the April 2012 episode (3.7) of Cougar Town, "You Can Still Change Your Mind". Ellie uses the game to taunt "Jelly Bean" (Laurie) about her intellectual shortcomings.

In a skit on Robot Chicken, Dick Cheney's heart is replaced with a Simon, in a parody of Iron Man.

There is a Simon game signed by Baer on permanent display at the American Computer Museum in Bozeman, Montana.

In the 2014 video game South Park: The Stick of Truth, the player plays Simon in order to rescue Randy Marsh from an alien probe.

The quick time event mechanic in the 2005 video game Indigo Prophecy was modeled after the toy.

QMRFour for Venice (German: 2 Männer, 2 Frauen - 4 Probleme!?) is a 1998 comedy film directed by Vivian Naefe.

QMR Kris Kross's album has a corss/quadrant on it

QMRThe group's first album was originally to be titled Niggamortis; however, this potentially risqué title was changed to 6 Feet Deep for the American market (European versions of the album retained the original title, and also included the bonus track "Pass the Shovel"); it was released on August 9, 1994. The four members adopted Gravedigga alter egos for their work with the group: RZA became The RZArector, Poetic became The Grym Reaper, Prince Paul became The Undertaker and Frukwan became The Gatekeeper. In 1995, the three rapping members (without Prince Paul) released a collaborative EP titled "The Hell EP" with UK trip hop artist Tricky.

QMRBrandon Patton is a songwriter and bass player from the United States of America. He has recorded four solo albums, plays bass for MC Frontalot under the name BL4k Lotus, and performs with Prince Gomolvilas in the show Jukebox Stories. He has also played bass for Futureboy and Jonathan Coulton. From 1997–2000 he played in the band three against four with Anand Nayak and Jay Skowronek.

QMrFour Foot Shack is the debut album of Duo de Twang, a country music duo formed by Primus bassist and vocalist Les Claypool and M.I.R.V. guitarist Bryan Kehoe.[1] This album contains one original song and fourteen cover songs. It was released on February 4, 2014 by ATO Records.[2]

QMRAmos Doolittle (May 18, 1754 – January 30, 1832)[1] was an American engraver and silversmith, known as "The Revere of Connecticut."[2] His engravings included portraits and maps, made in his New Haven, Connecticut studio. He became famous for his four engravings depicting the Battles of Lexington and Concord, which were based on his first-hand reconnaissance of the battlefield.

Born in Cheshire, Connecticut on May 18, 1754, Doolittle became skilled in copper engraving through self-teaching and apprenticeship.[3] His first published experiment with the medium began when he enlisted in the New Haven company of the Governor's Guards in 1775. Under the leadership of Captain Benedict Arnold, the company arrived in Cambridge, Massachusetts ten days after the Battles of Lexington and Concord at the start of the Revolutionary War.[1] Upon arriving in Cambridge, Doolittle took leave to inspect the site of the battle accompanied by Ralph Earl. Doolittle interviewed colonial militants and residents to establish the scene while Earl surveyed the site and made drawings.[4] From these drawings, Doolittle made at least four engraved copper prints of the battle, which were advertised for sale in the December 1775 Connecticut Journal.[4]

QMRThe Sound of Musicals was a 2006 four part BBC series starring several different musical theatre actors and some other professional singers who performed acts from different musicals. Each week the standard cast was joined by a celebrity guest host who also performed their favourite numbers. The show also featured interviews with people involved in musical theatre such as Andrew Lloyd Webber, and Cameron Mackintosh.

It aired weekly (every Saturday) for four weeks starting Saturday 14 January 2006.

QMRAlvin and the Chipmunks is a live-action film series, based on the characters of the same name created by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr.. The films are produced by Janice Karman and Ross Bagdasarian and released by 20th Century Fox. Live-action roles include Jason Lee (all four films) and David Cross (the first three films); voice roles for the CGI chipmunk characters are provided by Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler, and Jesse McCartney in all four films, Christina Applegate and Anna Faris in the three sequels, Amy Poehler in the second and third films, and Kaley Cuoco in the fourth film.

Dance Chapter

QMRIn a Big Four Tournament matchup between Carolina and Duke, the two teams played a see-saw game until a 10–0 Duke run in the second half made the score 64–56. North Carolina eventually tied the score at 70–70 with four minutes to go. Duke went back up by four with 1:41 to go, but a driving layup by Phil Ford with eight seconds to go in regulation tied the score at 82 and extended the game to overtime. The Blue Devils got quick baskets from Kevin Billerman and Bob Fleischer to open the overtime but the Tar Heels answered and eventually took the lead, 89–88, on two Ford free throws with two minutes to go. Duke answered with four straight points and Carolina came back to tie the score at 92, and then Tate Armstrong converted a three-point play to put the Blue Devils ahead for good. The teams combined for eight points in the final 20 seconds of the game, but Duke's free throw shooting gave them the 99–96 win. Fleischer led Duke with 26 points and Phil Ford scored 22 for Carolina.

QMRDating to shortly after the founding of Henderson County in 1838, Hendersonville is traditionally known as "The City of Four Seasons.", but since 1940s, some residents call it "Hooterville". The town has a well-preserved Main Street and adjoining downtown areas with many restaurants, antique shops and boutiques in buildings that housed key local business until the mid-1980s. Its architecture reflects the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Much downtown revitalization has occurred since the early 1990s. Larger stores are almost entirely along the commercial strips extending outward from the downtown along U.S. Hwy. 64 east and U.S. Hwy. 176 and U.S. Hwy. 25. There are historic neighborhoods outside the Main Street corridor including the 5th Avenue neighborhood on the city's west side and the Druid Hills neighborhood north of downtown. Depressed areas are found along the city's east side, but redevelopment efforts are underway in the historic commercial district along 7th Avenue East.

The Maryland Terrapins are the only school outside of the North Carolina "Big Four" - Duke, UNC, NC State, and Wake Forest - to consistently field competitive teams.

QMrKansas City International Airport (IATA: MCI, ICAO: KMCI, FAA LID: MCI) (originally Mid-Continent International Airport) is a public airport 15 miles (24 km) northwest of downtown Kansas City, in Platte County, Missouri.[2] In 2015, 10.47 million passengers used the airport.[3]

MCI passenger terminals have a unique structure comprising three terminals in the shape of rings. Each ring has short-term parking in the center of the ring. Thus, it is possible for travelers to park, walk no more than a hundred feet and go directly to their gates. Arriving travelers can leave their gates, and walk immediately out of the terminal without passing through any corridors. The airport also has several off-site airport parking facilities. Slogans at the time of the bond issue were "The world's shortest walk to fly" and "Drive to your gate".[14] A proposed fourth ring, as well as a fourth 15,100-foot (4,600 m) runway, have never been built, although, until the new rental car facility was erected, one could see the foundation that had been laid for the fourth terminal.

QMRAs a youth, Lebron James played Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) basketball for the Northeast Ohio Shooting Stars.[3] The team enjoyed success on a local and national level, led by James and his friends Sian Cotton, Dru Joyce III, and Willie McGee.[2]:24 Inseparable, they dubbed themselves the "Fab Four" and promised each other they would attend high school together.[2]:27 In a move that stirred local controversy, they chose to attend St. Vincent–St. Mary High School, a largely white private Catholic school.[4][5]

qMRIn June 2010, James Franco presented his first solo exhibition, "The Dangerous Book Four Boys", presented at The Clocktower Gallery in New York City. Curated by Alanna Heiss, the show featured video, drawings, sculptures and installation.[86][87]

QMR. I already have stuff like this oneThe men's major golf championships, commonly known as the Major Championships,[1] and often referred to simply as the majors, are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional golf. In order of their playing date, the current majors are:

April – Masters Tournament (weekend ending 2nd Sunday in April) – hosted as an invitational by and played at Augusta National Golf Club in the U.S. state of Georgia.

June – U.S. Open (weekend ending with the 3rd Sunday in June) – hosted by the United States Golf Association (USGA) and played at various locations in the United States.

July – The Open Championship (weekend containing the 3rd Friday in July) – hosted by The R&A, an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, and always played on a links course at one of ten locations in the United Kingdom.

August – PGA Championship (3rd weekend prior to Labor Day weekend) – hosted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America and played at various locations in the United States.

QMRJoplin is located at 37°4′40″N 94°30′40″W (37.077760, −94.511024).[30] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 35.68 square miles (92.41 km2), of which 35.56 square miles (92.10 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.31 km2) is water.[1] The city is drained by Joplin Creek, Turkey Creek, Silver Creek and Shoal Creek. Joplin is the center of what is regionally known as the Four State Area: Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, and Kansas.

QMRPark Hills is a city in St. Francois County, Missouri. The population was 8,759 at the 2010 census.

The city was formed in an unusual four-way merger that took place in January 1994, in which the cities of Flat River, Elvins, Esther and the village of Rivermines joined to form the new city of Park Hills. The formerly incorporated village of Fairview Acres had previously merged with Flat River on November 8, 1983. The name of the new city was selected by entries submitted to a committee made up of citizens of the four cities. The name Park Hills was submitted by Mildred Lee, a lifelong resident and a former teacher of Flat River. The inspiration came from its hilly terrain in the foothills of the Ozark Mountains and the many parks that surround the area. It is 6 miles east of Irondale and 13 miles east of Belgrade. It is adjacent to St. Joe State Park, and nearby the state parks of St. Francois, Hawn, Elephant Rocks, Johnson's Shut-Ins, Taum Sauk Mountain, and Washington.

QMRThe city of Maryland Heights is a third-class statutory city. It is governed by a mayor who serves a four-year term and a city council made up of eight members. The city is divided into four wards.[8] Two council-people are elected from each ward to serve on a city council for two-year terms. The city has offered internships in public administration since 1986.[9]

QMRThe University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, and ten research and technology parks. More than 77,000 students [4] are currently enrolled at its four campuses. The health care system operates several hospitals and clinics in central Missouri,[5] while the extension program provides distance learning and other educational initiatives statewide.[6]

QMRThe University of Missouri (also, Mizzou, MU, or University of Missouri–Columbia) is a public, land-grant, research university located in the U.S. state of Missouri. In 1839, the university was founded in Columbia as the first public institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River. As the largest university in Missouri, MU enrolls 35,441 students[6] offering over 300 degree programs in 19 academic colleges in the 2014–15 year.[8] It is the flagship campus of the University of Missouri System, which also maintains campuses in Rolla, Kansas City, and St. Louis.

The Tiger Walk is held annually before the fall semester in the Quad, as welcome and orientation for new students to the University. Students can meet and also learn about school organizations, which have stations around the Quad. After hearing of the four pillars of success, students walk in procession through the quad and the The Columns toward Jesse Hall, symbolizing their entrance into the University. Tiger Prowl is held for graduation seniors on the quad. They walk through the columns, away from Jesse Hall, to symbolize becoming alumni.

qMRThe University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, five research and technology parks, and a publishing press. More than 64,000 students are currently enrolled at its four campuses.[2] Headquartered in Columbia on the original campus, the extension program provides distance learning and other educational initiatives statewide.[3] The UM System was created in 1963 when the University of Missouri and its offshoot, the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy, were combined with the formerly-private University of Kansas City and a newly created campus in suburban St. Louis.

Literature Chapter

QMRThe Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, are the forces of man's destruction as described in the Christian Bible in chapter six of the Book of Revelation.

The Four Horsemen or Four Horsemen may also refer to:

Contents [hide]

1 People

2 Literature

3 Film and TV

4 Games and comics

5 Sports and games

6 Music

6.1 Albums

6.2 Songs

7 See also

8 References

People[edit]

Four Horsemen (NASA), Senior scientists and consultants to NASA during Apollo: Bob Walker; Jim Arnold; Paul Werner Gast; Gerry Wasserburg.

Four Horsemen (Supreme Court), United States Supreme Court conservative justices during the New Deal era

Former west coast boutique investment banks: Robertson Stephens, Alex. Brown & Sons, Hambrecht & Quist, and Montgomery Securities

Four Horsemen (drink), a cocktail containing four hard liquors and named after the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

"The Four Horsemen", an informal discussion on the "New Atheism" held in 2007 and its proponents: Richard Dawkins, Daniel C. Dennett, Sam Harris, and the late Christopher Hitchens.

"The four horseman", when all four kings are acquired by a single player

Literature[edit]

The Four Horsemen (poetry), Toronto sound-poetry group formed by Steve McCaffery in 1970

Film and TV[edit]

Four Horsemen (Highlander), a group of Immortals on the television show Highlander: The Series

The Horsemen of the Apocralypse (Discworld), four or five personifications in Discworld books by Terry Pratchett

Four Horsemen (film), a 2012 documentary film by Ross Ashcroft on the banking system

Games and comics[edit]

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (video game), by 3DO

Horsemen of Apocalypse, a team of supervillains in Marvel Comics, from 1987 in several incarnations

Four Horsemen Studios, action-figure sculptors for McFarlane Toys

Four Horsemen, contestants in the reality television series Survivor: Fiji

Four Horseman, contestants in the reality television series Big Brother[disambiguation needed]

Four Horsemen, leaders of the ultranationalist party in Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare

Four Horsemen, a boss encounter in Naxxramas, a raid from World of Warcraft

Four Horsemen, the playable characters in the Darksiders series by Vigil

Four Horsemen, in the Transformers: Energon series

Four Horsemen, the third episode of the 2006 CBS drama Jericho

Four Horsemen, a team of magicians in the 2013 film Now You See Me

Sports and games[edit]

Four Horsemen, a card game

Four Horsemen (professional wrestling), a stable of wrestlers from 1985 in several incarnations

Four Horsemen (American football), four players for the University of Notre Dame in 1924

The Four Horsemen of Aberdeen, four Blackjack Hall of Fame members who formulated the first Basic Strategy for the game in the 1950s, using only calculators

The Four Horsemen, an American contract bridge team established by P. Hal Sims in 1931

Music[edit]

The Four Horsemen (rap group), formed by Canibus, Killah Priest, Ras Kass, and Kurupt in 1996

The Four Horsemen (band), hard rock band from Hollywood 1989–1996

Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax (American band) are known as the "Four Horsemen of Thrash Metal".[1]

Albums[edit]

The Four Horsemen (album), a 1993 album by Ultramagnetic MC's

Songs[edit]

The Four Horsemen Aphrodite's Child 1972

The Four Horsemen Putsch! 1982

The Four Horsemen (Of The Apocalypse) The Jordanaires 1953 Percy Faith 1962

The Four Horsemen (Metallica song), on the 1983 album Kill 'Em All by Metallica

"4 Horsemen of the apocalypse", LP 1985, Bollock Brothers (containing "Faith healer")

"The Four Horsemen", song on the 2008 album Nostradamus by Judas Priest

"The Four Horsemen", song on the 1972 album 666 by Aphrodite's Child

"Four Horsemen", song on the 1979 album London Calling by The Clash

"Four Horsemen of 2012", 2:18 song on the 2007 album Myths of the Near Future by Klaxons

"4 Horsemen of 2012", 2:29 song on the 2006 EP Xan Valleys by Klaxons

"4 Horsemen", a song on the 2007 album Textbook Timbo by Timbaland

See also[edit]

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (disambiguation)

The Fourth Horseman (disambiguation)

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse in popular culture

Four Horsemen of the Infocalypse, a term for internet criminals, or the imagery of internet criminals

QMrDifferent Seasons (1982) is a collection of four Stephen King novellas with a more serious dramatic bent than the horror fiction for which King is famous.[1] The four novellas are tied together via subtitles that relate to each of the four seasons. The collection is notable for having had three of its four novellas turned into Hollywood films, one of which, The Shawshank Redemption, was nominated for the 1994 Academy Award for Best Picture.

Novellas[edit]

Name Subtitle Film adaptation

Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption Hope Springs Eternal The Shawshank Redemption (1994)

Apt Pupil Summer of Corruption Apt Pupil (1998)

The Body Fall From Innocence Stand by Me (1986)

The Breathing Method A Winter's Tale

Title[edit]

At the ending of the book, there is also a brief afterword, which King wrote on January 4, 1982. In it, he explains why he had not previously submitted the novellas (each written at a different time) for publication. Early in his career, his agents and editors expressed concern that he would be "written off" as someone who only wrote horror. However, his horror novels turned out to be quite popular and made him much in demand as a novelist. Conversely, the novellas, which did not deal (primarily) with the supernatural, were very difficult to publish as there was not a mass market for "straight" fiction stories in the 25,000 to 35,000 word format. Thus, King and his editor conceived the idea of publishing the novellas together as "something different", hence the title of the book.

QMrFour past Midnight is a collection of novellas by Stephen King. It is his second book of this type, the first one being Different Seasons. The collection won the Bram Stoker Award in 1990 for best collection[1] and was nominated for a Locus Award in 1991.[2] In the introduction, Stephen King says that, while a collection of four novellas like Different Seasons, this book is more strictly horror with elements of the supernatural.[this quote needs a citation]

qMrIn classical rhetoric, the Common Topics were a short list of four traditional topics regarded as suitable to structure an argument.

Four Traditional Topics[edit]

Past Fact (Circumstance)

Possible/Impossible (Possibility)

Future Fact (Circumstance)

Greater/Lesser (Comparison)

QMRDiets to promote weight loss are divided into four categories: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, and very low calorie.[19] A meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials found no difference between the main diet types (low calorie, low carbohydrate, and low fat), with a 2–4 kilogram weight loss in all studies.[19] At two years, all calorie-reduced diet types cause equal weight loss irrespective of the macronutrients emphasized.[20]

qMrFrom 1956 until 1992 the United States Department of Agriculture recommended its "Basic Four" food groups.[7] These food groups were:

Vegetables and fruits: Recommended as excellent sources of vitamins C and A, and a good source of fiber. A dark-green or deep-yellow vegetable or fruit was recommended every other day.

Milk: Recommended as a good source of calcium, phosphorus, protein, riboflavin, and sometimes vitamins A and D. Cheese, ice cream, and ice milk could sometimes replace milk.

Meat: Recommended for protein, iron and certain B vitamins. Includes meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dry beans, dry peas, and peanut butter.

Cereals and breads: Whole grain and enriched breads were especially recommended as good sources of iron, B vitamins and carbohydrates, as well as sources of protein and fiber. Includes cereals, breads, cornmeal, macaroni, noodles, rice and spaghetti.

QMrAnimal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, the four dominant phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria.[82] They are essential to digestion and are also affected by food that is consumed. Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12; and defending against some infectious diseases.[83]

Book One: The Path to Power (1982)[edit]

In the first volume, The Path to Power, Caro retraced Johnson's early life growing up in the Texas Hill Country and Washington, D.C.. (Caro moved to these areas for months to interview numerous people who knew Johnson and his family.) This volume covers Johnson's life through his failed 1941 campaign for the United States Senate. This book was released on November 12, 1982. It won the 1982 National Book Critics Circle Award. It was a finalist for the 1983 National Book Award, hardcover autobiography or biography.[1]

Book Two: Means of Ascent (1990)[edit]

In the second volume, Means of Ascent, Caro detailed Johnson's life from the aftermath of Johnson's first bid to his election to the U.S. Senate in 1948. Much of the book deals with Johnson's bitterly contested Democratic primary against Coke R. Stevenson in that year. The book was released on March 7, 1990.

Book Three: Master of the Senate (2002)[edit]

In the third volume, Master of the Senate, Caro chronicles Johnson's rapid ascent in United States Congress, including his tenure as Senate majority leader. This 1,167-page work examines in particular Johnson's battle to pass a landmark civil rights bill through Congress without it tearing apart his party, whose southern bloc was anti-civil rights with the northern faction more supportive of civil rights. Although its scope was limited, the ensuing Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the first such legislation since the Reconstruction era. The book was released on April 23, 2002. It won the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, the 2002 National Book Award for Nonfiction,[2] the 2002 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Biography, and the 2002 D.B. Hardeman Prize.[3]

Book Four: The Passage of Power (2012)[edit]

In the fourth volume, The Passage of Power, Caro covers Johnson's life from 1958 to 1964, the challenges Johnson faced upon his assumption of the presidency, and the significant accomplishments in the months after Kennedy’s assassination.[4] The 736-page book was released on May 1, 2012. It won the National Book Critics Circle Award (2012; Biography),[5] the Los Angeles Times Book Prize (2012; Biography),[6] the Mark Lynton History Prize (2013), the American History Book Prize (2013)[7] and the Biographers International Organization's Plutarch Award (2013).[8] It was a finalist for the National Book Award for Nonfiction (2012).[9] It was selected as one of Time magazine's Best Books of the Year (non-fiction #2).

Book five[edit]

In November 2011, Caro estimated that the fifth and final volume would require another two to three years to write.[10] In March 2013, he affirmed a commitment to completing the series with a fifth volume.[11] As of April 2014, he was continuing to research the book.[12]

QMRThe Years of Lyndon Johnson is a biography of Lyndon B. Johnson by American writer Robert Caro. Four volumes have been published, running to more than 3,000 pages in total, detailing Johnson's early life, education, and political career. A fifth volume will deal with the bulk of Johnson's presidency. The series is published by Alfred A. Knopf.

There is a questionable fifth

QMRThe Age of Unreason is a series of four novels written by Gregory Keyes:

Newton's Cannon (1998), ISBN 1-56865-829-X

A Calculus of Angels (1999), ISBN 0-7394-0260-9

Empire of Unreason (2000), ISBN 0-345-40609-5

The Shadows of God (2001), ISBN 0-345-43904-X

Its title is a reference to Thomas Paine's treatise The Age of Reason. The story spans the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century, with the action moving between England and France, later involving Russia, Austria, the Republic of Venice, and North America. The author makes use of pseudosciences (scientific alchemy instead of our physics) that were popular at the time: using affinity and aether, for example. Some historical characters appear in important roles: Isaac Newton, Voltaire, Benjamin Franklin, Cotton Mather, King Louis XIV of France, Emperor Peter the Great of Russia, King Charles XII of Sweden, and Edward Teach, better known as the pirate Blackbeard.

QMRThe Four Agreements[edit]

His most famous book, The Four Agreements, was published in 1997 and has sold around 5.2 million copies in the U.S.[6] and has been translated into 38 languages. The book advocates personal freedom from beliefs and agreements that we have made with ourselves and others that are creating limitation and unhappiness in our lives.[7] It was featured on the Oprah television show [8]. The Four Agreements are:

Be Impeccable With Your Word.

Don't Take Anything Personally.

Don't Make Assumptions.

Always Do Your Best.

Ruiz has received a U.S. Air Force challenge coin engraved with The Four Agreements, and he is referenced as a "National Heirloom of Mexico".[9][unreliable source?]

He also wrote a companion book to The Four Agreements.[further explanation needed]

Don Miguel Ruiz's son, Don Jose Ruiz, has subsequently released a sequel with his father, The Fifth Agreement, which adds a further agreement:[citation needed]

5. Be Skeptical but Learn to Listen.

The fourth copy, owned by Salisbury Cathedral, was first given in 1215 to its predecessor, Old Sarum Cathedral.[273] Rediscovered by the cathedral in 1812, it has remained in Salisbury throughout its history, except when being taken off-site for restoration work.[274][275] It is possibly the best preserved of the four, although small pin holes can be seen in the parchment from where it was once pinned up.[275][276][277] The handwriting on this version is different from that of the other three, suggesting that it was not written by a royal scribe but rather by a member of the cathedral staff, who then had it exemplified by the royal court.[274][251]

QMRCotton MS. Augustus II. 106, one of only four surviving exemplifications of the 1215 text.

QMRJudy Carter (November 30, 1950 – Present) is an American comedian, magician, motivational speaker, and author of four books on comedy and self-improvement.

QMRThe Concerto for Orchestra is a four-movement concerto for orchestra written in 1969 by the American composer Elliott Carter. The work was commissioned by the New York Philharmonic to commemorate their 125th anniversary and was premiered by the orchestra under the conductor Leonard Bernstein in New York City, February 5, 1970.[1][2][3]

The piece has a duration of approximately 22 minutes and is composed in four movements:

Allegro

Presto volando

Maestoso

Allegro agitato

To compose the work, Carter split the orchestra into four harmonically juxtaposing sections designated by musical range: high, middle-high, middle-low, and low. Additionally, different percussion instruments were assigned to accompany each of the four sections.[2][4]

qMR'Four' & More: Recorded Live in Concert is a live album by Miles Davis, recorded at the Philharmonic Hall of Lincoln Center, New York City, NY on February 12, 1964, but not released until 1966. Two albums were assembled from the concert recording: the up-tempo pieces were issued on this album, while My Funny Valentine consists of the slow and medium-tempo numbers.

QMRAn army of Danes which the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle described as the Great Heathen Army had landed in East Anglia with the intent of conquering the four kingdoms that constituted Anglo-Saxon England in 865.[9] It was with the backdrop of a rampaging Viking army that Alfred's public life began, with the accession of his third brother, Æthelred of Wessex, in 865.

QMRNewton is a monotype by the English poet, painter and printmaker William Blake first completed in 1795,[1] but reworked and reprinted in 1805.[2] It is one of the 12 "Large Colour Prints" or "Large Colour Printed Drawings" created between 1795 and 1805, which also include his series of images on the biblical ruler Nebuchadnezzar.

Isaac Newton is shown sitting naked and crouched on a rocky outcropping covered with algae, apparently at the bottom of the sea. His attention is focused upon diagrams he draws with a compass upon a scroll that appears to unravel from his mouth.[3] The compass is a smaller version of that held by Urizen in Blake's The Ancient of Days.

Blake's opposition to the Enlightenment was deeply rooted. He wrote in his annotations to the Laocoon "Art is the Tree of Life. Science is the Tree of Death."[4] Newton's theory of optics was especially offensive to Blake, who made a clear distinction between the vision of the "vegetative eye" and spiritual vision. The deistic view of God as a distant creator who played no role in daily affairs was anathema to Blake, who claimed to regularly experience visions of a spiritual nature. He opposes his "four-fold vision" to the "single vision" of Newton, whose "natural religion" of scientific materialism he characterized as sterile.

QMRThe mythological character of Spectre is first introduced in Blake's prophetic book Jerusalem:[6]

I see the Four-fold Man, The Humanity in deadly sleep

And its fallen Emanation, the Spectre and its cruel Shadow.

QMRThe Spectre is one aspect of the fourfold nature of the human psyche along with Humanity, Emanation and Shadow that William Blake used to explore his spiritual mythology throughout his poetry and art. As one of Blake's elements of the psyche, Spectre takes on symbolic meaning when referred to throughout his poems. According to professor Joseph Hogan, "Spectre functions to define individuals from others [...] When it is separated [from Emanation], it is reason, trying to define everything in terms of unchanging essences." [3] Thus, according to Samuel Foster Damon, Spectre epitomizes "Reason separated from humanity" and "Self-centered selfhood"[4] or, as Alexander S. Gourlay puts it, Spectre is "characterized by self-defensive rationalization".[5]

QMRThe longest elaboration of this private myth-cycle was also his longest poem, The Four Zoas: The Death and Judgment of Albion The Ancient Man, written in the late 1790s but left in manuscript form at the time of his death. In this work, Blake traces the fall of Albion, who was "originally fourfold but was self-divided".[1] This theme was revisited later, more definitively but perhaps less directly, in his other epic prophetic works, Milton a Poem and Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion.

The parts into which Albion is divided are the four Zoas:

Tharmas: representing instinct and strength.

Urizen: reason, tradition; a cruel god resembling the Gnostic Demiurge.

Luvah: love, passion and emotive faculties; a Christ-like figure, also known as Orc in his most amorous and rebellious form.

Urthona, also known as Los: inspiration and the imagination.

The Blake pantheon also includes feminine emanations that have separated from an integrated male being, as Eve separated from Adam:

The maternal Enion is an emanation from Tharmas.

The celestial Ahania is an emanation from Urizen.

The seductive Vala is an emanation from Luvah.

The musical Enitharmon is an emanation from Los (Urthona).

QMRVala, or The Four Zoas refers to one of the uncompleted prophetic books by the English poet William Blake, begun in 1797. The titular main characters of the book are the Four Zoas (Urthona, Urizen, Luvah and Tharmas), who were created by the fall of Albion in Blake's mythology. It consists of nine books, referred to as "nights". These outline the interactions of the Zoas, their fallen forms and their Emanations. Blake intended the book to be a summation of his mythic universe but, dissatisfied, he abandoned the effort in 1807, leaving it unfinished and unengraved.

QMrIn 2008, Gertz published Al Da'at Atzmo (Unrepentant: Four chapters in the life of Amos Kenan), an account of Kenan's early life, ending with his years in Paris.[16][17] In 2009, Rona Kenan released an album called "Songs for Joel" loosely based on Kenan's life story.[29]

QMRLater in Vala, Orc describes the divided aspects of the soul, which, in Blake's mythological system, God has a twofold essence that is capable of good and evil. This idea parallels Blake's personal belief that there was a division within himself.[15] In this later work, Orc is born during the winter solstice and Urizen begins to search for him. Urizen, during this time, becomes witness to the life cycles of which Orc is a part. When Urizen finally reaches Orc, the view of the Orc cycle is described in a deistic manner, a perspective which is arguably the opposite of Blake's own theological convictions. Urizen, believing that Orc is connected to chaos, seeks predictability and order. He seeks to do so by creating laws which enslave humankind. Urizen crucifies Orc, in the form of a serpent, and war spreads over the land.[16]

In The Four Zoas this is overridden: there the parents produce the four sons Rintrah, Palamabron, Bromion and Theotormon. This is a double-dialectical analysis, rather than an inconsistency as such.

On the other hand Orc is connected to Luvah in The Four Zoas VIII.

The image of Nebuchadnezzar is connected in Blake with the apocalypse in which the three people that the biblical Nebuchadnezzar burned to death were united with the Son of God,[18] and this image is also connected to Blake's belief in four states of existence in which those burned are able to transcend into the final stage of human existence.[19] Also, Nebuchadnezzar's dream of a statue represents human history from the beginning until the Apocalypse,[20] and the image of Nebuchadnezzar's rule is connected to Blake's myth of Albion in The Four Zoas.[21]

QMRNebuchadnezzar was part of the so-called Large Colour Prints; a series begun in 1795 of twelve 43 cm x 53 cm colour monotype prints, of most of which three copies were made. These were painted on millboard,[4] after which the board was put through Blake's printing-press with a sheet of dampened paper to make the prints. After they were printed, Blake and his wife Catherine added ink and watercolour to the impressions.[5] It existed in four impressions (copies), now in: Tate Britain in London, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,[6] the Minneapolis Institute of Art,[7] and a fourth which has been missing since 1887.[8] Blake believed that Nebuchadnezzar was connected to the Christian apocalypse and to his personal view on the stages of human development.

QMRThe Four and Twenty Elders Casting their Crowns before the Divine Throne is a pencil drawing and watercolour on paper by the English poet, painter and printmaker William Blake. Created circa 1803–1805, the drawing has been held in London's Tate gallery since 1949. It is likely a visionary and hallucinatory summary of scenes from Chapters 4 and 5[1] of the Book of Revelation when the throne of God was presented to the prophet Saint John the Divine.[2]

Saint John described the scene,

before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal... round about... were four beasts full of eyes... The four and twenty elders fall down before him... and worship him that liveth for ever and ever.[3]

QMRMistborn is a series of epic fantasy novels written by American author Brandon Sanderson and published by Tor Books. The first series, published between 2006 and 2008, consists of The Final Empire, The Well of Ascension, and The Hero of Ages.

To prepare readers for the second trilogy, Sanderson wrote a transitional sequel, The Alloy of Law, which then turned into the first installment in the four-book Wax and Wayne series set 300 years later.[1][2] The Wax and Wayne book titles are: The Alloy of Law,[1][3][4][5] released on 8 November 2011, Shadows of Self, released on 6 October 2015, The Bands of Mourning, published on 26 January 2016, and The Lost Metal (working title), currently in production.

Cinema Chapter

QMRThe main characters of Nickelodeon's Big Time Rush are branded as "four hockey players from Minnesota."

QMrMay 6, 1965: Four F4 tornadoes ripped through the Twin Cities metro area (two of them in Fridley), killing 13.

qMRFoursquare is a local search and discovery service mobile app which provides search results for its users. By taking into account the places a user goes, the things they have told the app that they like, and the other users whose advice they trust, Foursquare provides recommendations of the places to go around a user's current location.

QMrKranzburg is a town in Codington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 172 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Kranzburg was platted in 1879.[6] It was named in honor of the four Kranz brothers who settled there.[6] A post office has been in operation in Kranzburg since 1879.[7]

qMRThe First Four Years is an unfinished autobiographical novel by Laura Ingalls Wilder, published in 1971 and commonly considered the last of nine books in the Little House series. In 1943, These Happy Golden Years had concluded the series[a] at eight children's novels following Laura to age 18 and her marriage with Almanzo Wilder.

QMRSpace Cowboys is a 2000 American space disaster drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood. It stars Eastwood, Tommy Lee Jones, Donald Sutherland, and James Garner as four older "ex-test pilots" who are sent into space to repair an old Soviet satellite.

qMRIn the first half of the 1st millennium BC, during the Zhou dynasty, members of the Chinese nobility could possess up to four different names—personal names (míng 名), clan names (xìng 姓), lineage names (shì 氏), and "style" or "courtesy" names (zì 字)—and up to two titles: standard titles (jué 爵), and posthumous titles (shì 諡 or shìhào 諡號).[1] Commoners possessed only a personal name (ming), and the modern concept of a "surname" or "family name" did not yet exist at any level of society.[1] The old lineage (shi) and clan names (xing) began to become "family names" in the modern sense and trickle down to commoners around 500 BC, during the late Spring and Autumn period, but the process took several centuries to complete, and it was not until the late Han dynasty (1st and 2nd centuries AD) that all Chinese commoners had surnames.[2]

QMRThe determinant and inequality provide four ways to classify Lorentz transformations (herein LTs for brevity). However, any particular LT has only one determinant sign and only one inequality. There are four sets which include every possible pair given by the intersections ("n"-shaped symbol meaning "and") of these classifying sets. In set notation the four sets and their intersections are:

Intersection Antichronous (or non-orthochronous) LTs

\mathcal{L}^\downarrow = \{ \Lambda \, : \, \Gamma \leq -1 \}

Orthochronous LTs

\mathcal{L}^\uparrow = \{ \Lambda \, : \, \Gamma \geq 1 \}

Proper LTs

\mathcal{L}_{+} = \{ \Lambda \, : \, \det(\Lambda) = +1 \}

Proper antichronous LTs

\mathcal{L}_+^\downarrow = \mathcal{L}_+ \cap \mathcal{L}^\downarrow

Proper orthochronous LTs

\mathcal{L}_+^\uparrow = \mathcal{L}_+ \cap \mathcal{L}^\uparrow

Improper LTs

\mathcal{L}_{-} = \{ \Lambda \, : \, \det(\Lambda) = -1 \}

Improper antichronous LTs

\mathcal{L}_{-}^\downarrow = \mathcal{L}_{-} \cap \mathcal{L}^\downarrow

Improper orthochronous LTs

\mathcal{L}_{-}^\uparrow = \mathcal{L}_{-} \cap \mathcal{L}^\uparrow

where "+" and "−" indicate the determinant sign, while "↑" for ≥ and "↓" for ≤ denote the inequalities.

The full Lorentz group splits into the union ("u"-shaped symbol meaning "or") of four disjoint sets

\mathcal{L} = \mathcal{L}_+^\uparrow \cup \mathcal{L}_{-}^\uparrow \cup \mathcal{L}_+^\downarrow \cup \mathcal{L}_{-}^\downarrow

A subgroup of a group must be closed under the same operation of the group (here matrix multiplication). In other words, for two Lorentz transformations Λ and L from a particular set, the composite Lorentz transformations ΛL and LΛ must return to the same set Λ and L came from. This will not always be the case; it can be shown that the composition of any two Lorentz transformations always has the positive determinant and positive inequality, a proper orthochronous transformation.

The orthochronous, proper, proper orthochronous sets of LTs are all subgroups. Another subgroup is the union of proper orthochronous and improper antichronous sets, \mathcal{L}_0 = \mathcal{L}_+^\uparrow \cup \mathcal{L}_{-}^\downarrow. Rotations and boosts are elements of the proper orthochronous Lorentz group.

The other sets involving the improper and/or antichronous properties do not form subgroups, because the composite transformation always has a positive determinant or inequality, whereas the original separate transformations will have negative determinants and/or inequalities. However, the elements of these sets can be expressed in terms of proper orthochronous transformations with appropriate parity inversion P and/or time reversal T. These are in matrix form

P = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & - \mathbf{I} \end{bmatrix} \,, \quad T = \begin{bmatrix} - 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \mathbf{I} \end{bmatrix}

so if Λ is proper orthochronous, then TΛ is improper antichronous, PΛ is improper orthochronous, and TPΛ = PTΛ is proper antichronous.

QMRThe quantities (A, Z) collectively make up a four vector, where A is the "timelike component", and Z the "spacelike component". Examples of A and Z are the following:

Four vector A Z

Position four vector time (multiplied by c) ct position vector r

Four momentum energy (divided by c) E/c momentum p

Four spin (no name) st Spin s

Four current charge density (multiplied by c) ρc current density j

Electromagnetic four potential electric potential (divided by c) φ/c magnetic potential A

The Four Basic Sectors[edit]

The Four Basic Sectors refers to the current stage of sector evolution, in the sequence of four undergone transformations, namely agriculture, industry, services and GWU (government, welfare and unemployment)

The US economy has become one of the most mature (with Japan and Western Europe) in terms of its sector evolution.[4] It has entered the stage – perhaps as the first economy ever – of declining employment share in both the service and government sectors.

Productivity growth rates are now accelerating in the US services and its employment creation and absorption potential are declining rapidly. Accelerating productivity growth rates are dictated by global competition and human striving for better standards of living – they cannot be stopped at will. In the US there are only three subsectors where net jobs are still being created: education, health care, and government. The first two are subject to market forces and will undergo accelerating productivity growth rates and declining employment levels in the near future. The third one, GWU, is sheltered from competition, cannot expand its share substantially because it depends on taxation from other sectors; its employment growth is unsustainable.

Slowly, the US economy has shifted towards sectors with lower added value, leading to lower real incomes and increasing indebtness. This is a systemic condition which no amount of regulation and Keynesian/monetarist stimuli can effectively address. Even desirable piercing of speculative, employment and debt bubbles has ceased to be politically correct. Even 100% taxation of all incomes would not alleviate US debt.

So, the US is at the transforming cusp and hundreds of years of sector evolution comes to a halt. There are only four essential activities humans can do economically: 1. Produce food, 2. Manufacture goods, 3. Provide services (private and public), and 4. Do nothing. This is why the idea of “basic income”, independent of employment, is being considered e.g. in Switzerland.

US economy has exploited (from employment share viewpoint) all three productive sectors. There is no new sector lurking in the offing: qualitative transformation is taking place. Less developed economies still have time left, some still have to industrialize and some still have the services to expand. But the US economy is now the harbinger of the things to come, the role model for others to follow or reject, but hardly ignore. For the first time in history, this one economy has reached the end of the old model (or paradigm) and is groping to find the new ways of organizing its business, economy and society

QMRTransformation in economics refers to a long-term change in dominant economic activity in terms of prevailing relative engagement or employment of able individuals.

Human economic systems undergo a number of deviations and departures from the "normal" state, trend or development. Among them are Disturbance (short-term disruption, temporary disorder), Perturbation (persistent or repeated divergence, predicament, decline or crisis), Deformation (damage, regime change, loss of self-sustainability, distortion), Transformation (long-term change, restructuring, conversion, new “normal”) and Renewal (rebirth, transmutation, corso-ricorso, renaissance, new beginning).

Transformation is a unidirectional and irreversible change in dominant human economic activity (economic sector). Such change is driven by slower or faster continuous improvement in sector productivity growth rate. Productivity growth itself is fueled by advances in technology, inflow of useful innovations, accumulated practical knowledge and experience, levels of education, viability of institutions, quality of decision making and organized human effort. Individual sector transformations are the outcomes of human socio-economic evolution.

Human economic activity has so far undergone at least four fundamental transformations:

From nomadic hunting and gathering (H/G) to localized agriculture

From localized agriculture (A) to internationalized industry

From international industry (I) to global services

From global services (S) to public sector (including government, welfare and unemployment, GWU)

This evolution naturally proceeds from securing necessary food, through producing useful things, to providing helpful services, both private and public (See H/G→A→I→S→GWU sequence in Fig. 1). Accelerating productivity growth rates speed up the transformations, from millennia, through centuries, to decades of the recent era. It is this acceleration which makes transformation relevant economic category of today, more fundamental in its impact than any recession, crisis or depression. The evolution of four forms of capital (Indicated in Fig. 1) accompanies all economic transformations.

Transformation is quite different from accompanying cyclical recessions and crises, despite the similarity of manifested phenomena (unemployment, technology shifts, socio-political discontent, bankruptcies, etc.). However, the tools and interventions used to combat crisis are clearly ineffective for coping with non-cyclical transformations. The problem is whether we face a mere crisis or a fundamental transformation (globalization→relocalization).

Four key forms of capital[edit]

Fig. 1. Nested hypercycles of the transformations through the parallel evolution of four forms of capital

Fig. 1 refers to the four transformations through the parallel (and overlapping) evolution of four forms of capital: Natural→Built→Human→Social. These evolved forms of capital present a minimal complex of sustainability and self-sustainability of pre-human and human systems.

Natural capital (N). The nature-produced, renewed and reproduced “resources” of land, water, air, raw materials, biomass and organisms. Natural capital is subject to both renewable and non-renewable depletion, degradation, cultivation, recycling and reuse.

Built capital (B). The man-made physical assets of infrastructures, technologies, buildings and means of transportation. This is the manufactured “hardware” of nations. This national hardware must be continually maintained, renewed and modernized to assure its continued productivity, efficiency and effectiveness.

Human capital (H). The continued investment in people’s skills, knowledge, education, health & nutrition, abilities, motivation and effort. This is the “software” and “brainware” of a nation; most important form of capital for developing nations.

Social capital (S). The enabling infrastructure of institutions, civic communities, cultural and national cohesion, collective and family values, trust, traditions, respect and the sense of belonging. This is the voluntary, spontaneous “social order” which cannot be engineered, but its self-production (autopoiesis) can be nurtured, supported and cultivated.

The Four Basic Sectors[edit]

QMRHere G is a generating function of one old canonical coordinate (q or p), one new canonical coordinate (Q or P) and (possibly) the time t. Thus, there are four basic types of generating functions (although it should be noted that mixtures of these four types can exist), depending on the choice of variables. As will be shown below, the generating function will define a transformation from old to new canonical coordinates, and any such transformation (q, p) → (Q, P) is guaranteed to be canonical.

QMRFab Four Suture is a compilation album by Stereolab, released in March 2006. It collects six singles and their B-sides originally released on 7-inch vinyl in 2005 and 2006.

QMRThe Fab Four[edit]

By the end of 1961, the Revols returned to Stratford. Manuel remained with Hawkins until 1964, when Hawkins's backing group, the Hawks (Manuel along with Rick Danko, Levon Helm, Garth Hudson, and Robbie Robertson), left him and formed Levon and the Hawks, later known as the Band. Kalmusky reunited with Till to form the Fab Four—the original Fab Four—at the top of 1962.

The Fab Four had their own weekly television show on CHCH-TV. On April 25, 1965, when they opened for the Rolling Stones at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, the Toronto Star ran an advertisement with the Fab Four's picture and the words "not the Rolling Stones". Kalmusky stated in an interview with Stratford's Beacon Herald, "They thought we were the Beatles, girls were diving at the car, piling on, as we were driving out of the stadium". In fact, the picture in the Toronto Star did look a whole lot like the Beatles. It has been speculated that the Beatles' nickname became "The Fab Four" as a result of this event. Some authors, and articles, over the last few decades, have cited this story, referencing the parallels, stating "Could 5 boys from Stratford, Ontario really influence the nickname of the Beatles?"[citation needed]

By 1966, Till and Kalmusky paralleled the same move Manuel had made after their trip to Arkansas, leaving the Revols, the Fab Four, and Stratford behind, to be full-time members of Hawkins's band.

Hawkins's band was famously "picked clean" by Albert Grossman, manager for Janis Joplin, Bob Dylan, and Ian & Sylvia. The first of the former Revols to be plucked out by Grossman was Kalmusky, who subsequently played bass with Ian & Sylvia's group, Great Speckled Bird; Todd Rundgren; Jerry Reed; and others. Then, in 1969, the Summer of Love, Till joined Janis Joplin's Kozmic Blues Band, and in 1970 he stayed on to become a member of what became Joplin's last band, the Full Tilt Boogie Band, and recorded the album Pearl, her last record. Two of the original Revols, Manuel and Till, performed at the Woodstock Festival in August 1969, Manuel with the Band and Till with Janis Joplin's Kozmic Blues Band.

QMRThe Four Musketeers — also known as The Four Musketeers: Milady's Revenge — is a 1974 Richard Lester film that serves as a sequel to his The Three Musketeers, and covers the second half of Dumas' 1844 novel The Three Musketeers.

QMRJersey Boys is a 2014 American biographical musical drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood based on the Tony Award winning jukebox musical of the same name. The film tells the story of the musical group The Four Seasons. The film was released in the United States on June 20, 2014.[3][4] The film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $67 million.[5]

The group, now called "The Four Lovers," is in need of a songwriter after Nicky leaves. Tommy's friend Joe Pesci tells him about a talented singer-songwriter, Bob Gaudio, and invites him to hear the group perform. Gaudio, now narrating, is impressed with Valli's vocals and agrees to join.

QMRAccording to Ken Burns' documentary series "The War," Medicine Crow joined the Army in 1943, becoming a scout in the 103rd Infantry Division and fought in World War II. Whenever he went into battle, he wore his war paint beneath his uniform and a sacred eagle feather beneath his helmet.[2] Medicine Crow completed all four tasks required to become a war chief: Touching an enemy without killing him, taking an enemy's weapon, leading a successful war party and stealing an enemy's horse.

QMRTask-based Language Teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target language. Such tasks can include visiting a doctor, conducting an interview, or calling customer service for help. Assessment is primarily based on task outcome (in other words the appropriate completion of real world tasks) rather than on accuracy of prescribed language forms. This makes TBLL especially popular for developing target language fluency and student confidence. As such TBLL can be considered a branch of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT).

According to Rod Ellis, a task has four main characteristics:[3]

A task involves a primary focus on (pragmatic) meaning.

A task has some kind of ‘gap’ (Prabhu identified the three main types as information gap, reasoning gap, and opinion gap).

The participants choose the linguistic resources needed to complete the task.

A task has a clearly defined, non-linguistic outcome.

QMRLeprechaun: Origins is a 2014 American horror film directed by Zach Lipovsky, written by Harris Wilkinson and starring the wrestler Dylan Postl (better known under his ring name Hornswoggle).[1][2] This movie has nothing to do with any previous made movie about leprechauns. WWE Studios President Michael Luisi has described the film as "a little darker, a little more traditional horror than the Warwick Davis ones that people remember".[3]

Plot

A young couple, Catherine and Francois, are attempting to escape from a figure who eventually catches and drags Francois to his death. It also grabs hold of Catherine just before she arrives at a monolith in a grassland.

Four American college friends, Sophie, Ben, Jeni, and David are vacationing at an Irish countryside at Sophie's behest. The driver, Ian, lets them go at the monolith seen in the beginning. Sophie, who is a history bachelor, takes note of the monolith's symbol before heading to a local bar with the others, where they meet with a friendly old man, Hamish, who tells them about the history of the village: it was formerly a mining center for gold obtained in a nearby cavern, but when the gold ran out, the population dwindled. The four agree to be taken to a cottage where they can begin hitchhiking to the cavern, though they are wary of Hamish and his grumpy son, Sean.

That night, Jeni investigates a ruckus outside and glimpses a figure sprinting past the window. She wakes the others, who discover that Hamish and Sean had locked them up. A figure suddenly enters the cottage through the fireplace and forcibly takes Jeni's gold earring. After a brief struggle which sees David's leg being bitten by the monster, the four escape the cottage and race to the village hall, where they hide in the cellar. From a mythology book, Sophie learns that the monster is a Tuatha Dé Danann, also known as the leprechaun, who owns the gold that the villagers sought after. In return for the gold, the villagers have to sacrifice at least two humans each year as "compensation". The leprechaun lusts after gold, but it can be repelled by a certain symbol, the same one carved into the monolith, which serves as a barrier beyond which the being cannot get out.

The four are confronted by Hamish, who confirms that the villagers sacrifice tourists each year to avoid having to sacrifice themselves, and Sean, who has grown weary of the unjustified sacrifices and eventually lets them go. The four take the offer to escape by an old woman, Mary, who is revealed to be Hamish' accomplice. The four are then tied to trees as offerings for the leprechaun. The monster arrives and bits Jeni's tongue, but David manages to break free and releases the other three, though at the cost of his life. The remaining trio head back to the cottage to set a trap to kill the monster, but the leprechaun tricks Sophie and Ben to strike Jeni with their axes, killing her.

Sophie and Ben fetch Hamish' truck but is cornered by the leprechaun inside the village hall with the keys. The leprechaun eventually gets hold of Ben and kills him by ripping his spine out. Though cornered by Hamish, Sophie is given a free pass by Sean, who pushes Hamish into the cellar where the leprechaun kills him. Meanwhile, Sophie boards Hamish' truck but crashes midway while trying to avoid the leprechaun. She resumes her escape on foot and tricks the leprechaun with gold coins, then decapitates it using Francois' knife, which he had left in the prologue. Sophie finally manages to cross the monolith just as she realizes that there are more than one leprechauns, before continuing her escape.

QMRThe Hyperion Cantos is a series of science fiction novels by Dan Simmons. The title was originally used for the collection of the first pair of books in the series, Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion,[1][2] and later came to refer to the overall storyline, including Endymion, The Rise of Endymion, and a number of short stories.[3][4] Within the fictional storyline, the Hyperion Cantos is an epic poem written by the character Martin Silenus.[5]

Of the four novels, Hyperion received the Hugo and Locus Awards in 1990;[6] The Fall of Hyperion won the Locus and British Science Fiction Association Awards in 1991;[7] and The Rise of Endymion received the Locus Award in 1998.[8] All four novels were also nominated for various science fiction awards.

An event series is being developed by Bradley Cooper, Graham King, and Todd Phillips for Syfy based on the first novel Hyperion.[9]The region of the Tombs is also the home of the Shrike, a menacing half-mechanical, half-organic four armed creature that features prominently in the series.[12] It appears in all four Hyperion Cantos books and is an enigma in the initial two; its purpose is not revealed until the second book, but even then left somewhat nebulous. The Shrike appears to act both autonomously and as a servant of some unknown force or entity. In the first two Hyperion books, it exists solely in the area around the Time Tombs on the planet Hyperion. Its portrayal is changed significantly in the last two books, Endymion and The Rise of Endymion. In these novels, the Shrike appears effectively unfettered and protects the heroine Aenea against assassins of the opposing TechnoCore.

In one of my books. I went over how the video games all fit the quadrant model like the first donkey kong and mario brothers and all of them especially the original games like pacman. I also talked about Zelda and the four swords and the princess named tetra and the game where there is four seasons you can switch around with. There is also the tetra force theory of Zelda. The fourth is always different. The triforce symbol represents four and was worshipped by ancient people like the Pythagoreans.

On the top of the shield in Zelda you can see the Triforce, but at the very bottom you can clearly see a fourth piece. As I've deftly illustrated utilizing my skills as a certified MS Paint instructor, that piece perfectly matches what's been "missing" from the Triforce all these years. As the years have worn on, this line of thought has become known as the Tetraforce Theory.

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The Tetraforce Theory is bolstered by the prevalence of things that come in fours in the Zelda games. There are four Light Spirits in Twilight Princess, the Four Giants who prevent the moon from crashing into Termina in Majora's Mask and of course, there's also the Four Swords games to contend with. In addition to the three goddesses that create the three initial pieces of the Triforce as shown in Ocarina of Time, many have suggested that the fourth goddess could be the sorceror Vaati or the Great Fairy of Kindness.

It's even been said that the fourth goddess could be Princess Zelda herself; or as she's called in Wind Waker: Tetra.

qMRThe Four Orchestral Pieces are four short orchestral pieces, which Anton Bruckner composed in the fall of 1862 during his tuition with Otto Kitzler.

qMRLife in Pieces is an American sitcom television series created by Justin Adler. CBS ordered the series on May 8, 2015.[1] The show debuted on September 21, 2015, and was picked up for a 22-episode full season on October 27, 2015.[2]

The series chronicles the lives of three generations of the Short family as told from the point of view of each character based on their own version of events. Each episode is told as four short stories, one for each branch of the Short clan, with some connections related to the characters' events.

QMRThe Four Pieces for Piano (German: 'Klavierstücke') Op. 119, are four character pieces for piano composed by Johannes Brahms in 1893. The collection is the last composition for solo piano by Brahms. Together with the six pieces from Op. 118, Op. 119 was premiered in London in January 1894.

qMRFelix Mendelssohn composed four pieces for string quartet in the last few years of his life from 1843 to 1847, which were published together shortly before his death as Op. 81:

Andante in E major

Scherzo in A minor

Capriccio in E minor

Fugue in E flat major

QMRThe Baltimore Four[edit]

In the 1960s, after activity in civil rights, Berrigan and others began taking increasingly radical steps to bring attention to the anti-war movement. The group known as the "The Baltimore Four" occupied the Selective Service Board in the Customs House, Baltimore, on Friday, October 27, 1967.[2] 'The Four' were: two Catholics, Berrigan and artist Tom Lewis; and two Protestants, writer David Eberhardt, and the Rev. James L. Mengel, United States Air Force veteran and United Church of Christ pastor and missionary to Ghana, West Africa; and Asia, where he also served as an Auxiliary Civilian Chaplain, Osan AFB, Daegu, South Korea. Performing a sacrificial, blood-pouring protest, using their own blood and that from poultry purchased from the Gay St. Market, they poured it over records.[3][2] In the trial of The Baltimore Four, Mengel stated that U.S. military forces had killed and maimed not only humans, but also animals and vegetation. Mengel agreed to the action and donated blood, but decided not to actually pour blood; instead he distributed the paperback book Good News for Modern Man (a version of the New Testament) to draft board workers, newsmen, and police. [2] Berrigan, in their written statement, noted that "This sacrificial and constructive act" was meant to protest "the pitiful waste of American and Vietnamese blood in Indochina". [1]

The trial of "The Baltimore Four" was postponed due to the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., and the subsequent riots in Baltimore and other U.S. cities. Eberhardt and Lewis served jail time and Berrigan was sentenced to six years in federal prisons.[4][5]

QMRCitizenfour is a 2014 documentary film directed by Laura Poitras, concerning Edward Snowden and the NSA spying scandal. The film had its U.S. premiere on October 10, 2014 at the New York Film Festival and its UK premiere on October 17, 2014 at the BFI London Film Festival. The film features Glenn Greenwald and was co-produced by Poitras, Mathilde Bonnefoy, and Dirk Wilutzky, with Steven Soderbergh and others serving as executive producers. Citizenfour won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 2015 Oscars.

In January 2013, Laura Poitras, an American documentary film director/producer who had been working for several years on a film about monitoring programs in the US that were the result of the September 11 attacks, receives an encrypted e-mail from a stranger who called himself, "Citizen Four."[3] In it, he offers her inside information about illegal wiretapping practices of the US National Security Agency (NSA) and other intelligence agencies. In June 2013, accompanied by investigative journalist Glenn Greenwald and The Guardian intelligence reporter Ewen MacAskill,[4] she travels to Hong Kong with her camera for the first meeting with the stranger, who reveals himself as Edward Snowden.

After four days of interviews, on June 9, Snowden's identity is made public at his request. As media outlets begin to discover his location at The Mira Hong Kong, Snowden relocates to Poitras' room in an attempt to elude phone calls made to his room. Facing potential extradition and prosecution in the United States, Snowden schedules a meeting with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and applies for refugee status. After Poitras believes she is being followed, she leaves Hong Kong for Berlin.

On June 21, the US government requests the Hong Kong government extradite Snowden. Snowden manages to depart from Hong Kong, but his US passport is cancelled before he can connect to Havana, stranding him in the Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow. On August 1, 2013 the Russian government grants Snowden temporary asylum for a period of one year.[5] Meanwhile, Greenwald returns to his home in Rio de Janeiro and speaks publicly about United States' utilization of NSA programs for foreign surveillance. Greenwald and Poitras maintain a correspondence wherein they both express reluctance to return to the United States.

Throughout, the film offers smaller vignettes that precede and follow Snowden's Hong Kong interviews, including William Binney speaking about NSA programs, and eventually testifying before the German Parliament regarding NSA spying in Germany.

The film closes with Greenwald, Snowden and Poitras meeting once again, this time in Russia. Greenwald and Snowden discuss new emerging details on US intelligence programs, careful to only write down and not speak critical pieces of information. Greenwald tears these documents creating a pile of scraps, before slowly removing them from the table.

QMRSinister is a 2012 American supernatural horror film directed by Scott Derrickson and written by Derrickson and C. Robert Cargill. It stars Ethan Hawke as fictional true-crime writer Ellison Oswalt who discovers a box of home movies in his attic that puts his family in danger.

The film opens with Super 8 footage depicting a family of four standing beneath a tree with sacks over their heads and nooses around their necks. An unseen figure saws through a branch acting as a counterweight, causing their deaths by hanging.

qMRHorror Stories 2 (Hangul: 무서운 이야기 2; RR: Mu-seo-un Iyagi) is a 2013 horror omnibus film made up of four episodes by four South Korean directors.[1] It screened at the Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival and Sitges Film Festival in 2013,[2] and won the Silver Raven prize in the International Competition at the 2014 Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival.[3]

QMRTales from the Dead is a 2007 horror film, written and directed by Jason Cuadrado. The film is an anthology of four ghost stories as told by Tamika, a strange young girl with the ability to communicate with the dead. Each tale deals with loss, pain and vengeance as the spirits who tell them attempt to put things right in the world of the living.

The film is notable for being a Japanese horror film shot entirely in Los Angeles, in Japanese with local Japanese talent. Writer/director Jason Cuadrado did not know any Japanese at the time of filming.[1]

QMRInspired by current trends in Japanese horror, the first film by Los Angeles–based writer-director Jason Cuadrado, Tales from the Dead, is a horror film in four parts which Cuadrado filmed with a cast of Japanese actors speaking their native language.

QMRHorror Stories (Hangul: 무서운 이야기; RR: Museoun Iyagi) is a 2012 horror omnibus film made up of four short films Plot

A high school student named Ji-won is kidnapped by a serial killer with a speech impediment. The killer can only go to sleep when he listens to scary stories. Hoping to escape, Ji-won Scheherazade-like begins telling him the four scariest stories she knows.

QMrRoommates (Hangul: 디데이; RR: D-day) is a 2006 South Korean film and the third installment of the 4 Horror Tales film series, all with different directors but with the same producer; Ahn Byeong-ki.

Plot[edit]

Roommates Yoo-jin, Eun-soo, Bo-ram, and Da-young are cramming for a college entrance exam. It's difficult for them to adapt to the stifling atmosphere of the all female lodging institute and to get along with each other, due to their differing personalities. Yoo-jin has the most difficulty with the stuffy institute life. She begins to have visions of events that took place at the institute in the past, such as the tragic fire that occurred years ago. Yoo-jin gradually becomes consumed with fear, and the relationship among the four begins to suffer with dangerous results.

QMRThe current Around The Horn format consists of the following:

Introduction: A commercial-free transition to the opening moments of the show starts with the host, Reali, introducing the panelists as "four of America's most (themed) sportswriters". For example, if the "theme word" is "indifferent", the four panelists would all do their impressions of an indifferent sportswriter. The show itself is then introduced with Reali mentioning three topics to be discussed, then exclaiming "Ten topics, one winner. Horn me!" The opening theme plays, and cuts to Reali for an introduction. The panelists are then individually introduced and given time for an opening statement. Most of the panelists use this time for jokes or criticism of the host or other panelists, which can lead to points or mutes. (One such example is when Woody Paige used his time by blowing a miniature plasticine horn, as a pun towards the show's name; this resulted in Paige being muted by Reali.) Also any scoring changes that can be seen on ATH's YouTube page, Reali will tell the scores and announce the panelist or panelists that committed the "Pre-Show violation" before the first "First Word" topic.

The First Word: Two current sports headlines are discussed. The panelists give detailed arguments and can also give rebuttals to other panelists.

Buy or Sell: A rapid-fire segment in which the panelists are asked to "buy" or "sell" (be for or against) three different concepts, also drawn from current sports headlines. In the first few months of this format and sometimes used with three panelists, four topics were discussed, with each having a shorter time limit to fit between the first and second commercial breaks. In the case of a scoring change happening during the first commercial break, Reali will tell the scores and announce the panelist or panelists that committed the "commercial break violation" before the first "Buy or Sell" topic.

1st Cut: The contestant with the lowest point total is eliminated. In the case of ties, Reali often breaks them by miscellaneous things, like whose hair is better combed. If the awarding of a point causes a tie for the two lowest panelists, Reali sometimes gives the same panelist a second point to break it. Sometimes on shows with three panelists, the lowest score is spared from elimination.

Out of Bounds: This round, always played as the third round, is dedicated to talking about one story which is indirectly sports-related. Serious and controversial topics, such as steroid use and suspensions, are usually discussed in this round, and few to no points are awarded. This was a daily feature from the time of the format change until late October 2009. It is occasionally tied together with the "Lightning Round". "Out of Bounds" is now used in ATH today.

The Lightning Round: Another third round, this being a continuation of the sports discussion with two or three rapid-fire topics. Reintroduced to the show in November 2009; a different "Lightning Round" was part of the original ATH format.

2nd Cut: The next contestant with the lowest point total is removed, leaving just two. (In the event all four contestants were in the third round (mostly an important Out of Bounds), the two lowest point totals are eliminated.) The camera then reveals the final two contestants and Reali typically says something to the effect of, "Two men enter, one man wins!" right before the cut to commercial.

Showdown: Mentioned above, the two remaining columnists take sides on any sports or cultural stories remaining. There are two or three questions, depending on the amount of time left. Usually, the westernmost panelist goes first for the first topic, with the other speaking for the second half. The panelists then alternate going first for the remaining topics. Each topic is timed between 15 and 40 seconds each depending on time remaining. Reali usually gives a panelist one point per topic, although he occasionally gives more than one point or deducts points depending on the strength or weakness of the argument. Only once there was a one-person showdown and a four people showdown.

Face Time: The winner of the showdown and therefore winner of that particular episode gets around 30 seconds (more or less depending on time left in show frame) to talk about anything he or she wishes to discuss. Most of the time these are sports related, but often their own personal life or an issue in pop culture or the news is discussed. Lounge music is played in the background as the winner talks. The lounge music is not played in serious Face Time (deaths, major news (both sports and non-sports related)).

Goodbye: Reali says how long it will be until the next episode, for example, "we're on a 23-and-a-half hour break." On Fridays, he will sign off by saying "a 71-and-a-half-hour break." If there is an extended period until the show comes back on, Reali may simply say, "You do the math!"

Paper Toss: Signature sign-off of the show, with Reali crumpling his notes and throwing them towards the camera. As he does this, the panelists will often continue to chatter in the background as the show ends.

PTI Next: This simply tells viewers just that: that Pardon the Interruption is up next.

Previous format[edit]

Before the show was retooled in early 2003, the format was similar, wherein the first two rounds were largely the same but with different titles. There was a bigger difference after that. The show ran like so:

The Opening Round: The two biggest headlines of the day.

The Lightning Round: A quick-moving round with four topics where players had to make their points quickly or risk getting muted by Max Kellerman, the former host. Somewhat similar, though not entirely, to the Lightning Round currently on the program.

The Bonus Round: One final topic, with the panelists trying to earn some last-second points, followed by a sports trivia question for each panelist, worth five points.

The Medal Round: The panelists earned Face Time equal to their scores converted to seconds, in reverse order of their placing. The winner received a gold medal, second place received silver, third place got bronze, and the fourth-place finisher was given a foil ball. More often than not, due to time restrictions, the panelists were given less time than they earned, or at least one panelist would not be given any time at all. During this round, panelists could appeal to the Disembodied Voice for more points.

Despite the change in format, Reali still occasionally announces "ten topics, one winner" at the beginning of the show regardless of the number of topics.

QMRAdam Had Four Sons is a 1941 drama and romance film directed by Gregory Ratoff and starring Ingrid Bergman, Warner Baxter, Susan Hayward and Fay Wray.[1] The supporting cast features Richard Denning and June Lockhart.[2]

QMRBrandon Mull (born November 8, 1974)[1] is an American writer who is best known as the author of the Fablehaven fantasy series, which is a New York Times bestseller. Mull has also written The Candy Shop War and the Beyonders Trilogy, as well as numerous other popular young adult novels.[2] Because many young readers are interested in his books, Brandon crosses the country talking to students, with the message that "imagination can take you places."[3] In an interview, Brandon Mull said

Mull has written two of the seven books in the series: Wild Born (Book 1) and the story Special Edition: Tales of the Great Beasts (21 October 2014). Wild Born tells the story of four 11-year-old kids (Conor from Eura, Meilin from Zhong, Rollan from Amaya, and Abeke from Nilo) who summon the legendary Four Fallen (Briggan with Connor, Jhi with Meilin, Essix with Rollan, and Uraza with Abeke). The kids must work together to find the first talisman with the Greencloaks, leading to a heroic battle against the Ravens and the Conquerors. The Special Edition covers the story of the four great beasts: Briggan the Wolf, Uraza the Leopard, Jhi the Panda, and Essix the Falcon before they sacrifice themselves to protect the land and become the legendary Four Fallen Spirit Animals.

QMRFour Flies on Grey Velvet (Italian: 4 mosche di velluto grigio) is a 1971 Italian giallo film written and directed by Dario Argento. The film is the third in director Argento's "Animal Trilogy", which started with The Bird with the Crystal Plumage and The Cat o' Nine Tails.

Philosophy Chapter

QMRThe Iowa Big Four men's college basketball rivalries consists of games between Iowa's four NCAA Division I men's basketball teams: Iowa, Iowa State, Northern Iowa, and Drake. For decades, Iowa State (of the Big 12 Conference) and Iowa (of the Big Ten Conference) had home-and-home series with in-state rivals Drake and UNI (both of the Missouri Valley Conference), with Iowa visiting Drake in even-numbered years and Northern Iowa in odd-numbered years (with the corresponding return trips to Iowa in the opposite years) and Iowa State visiting Northern Iowa in even-numbered years and Drake in odd-numbered years. Drake and Iowa State, in particular, played in 104 of 105 seasons.[1]

QMRThe Cape May – Lewes Ferry is a ferry system that traverses a 17-mile (27 km) crossing of the Delaware Bay to connect Cape May, New Jersey with Lewes, Delaware. The ferry constitutes a portion of U.S. Route 9, and is the final crossing of the Delaware River-Delaware Bay waterway before it meets the Atlantic Ocean.

The original fleet of four steamships and two diesel-powered ships was purchased in 1964 from the defunct Little Creek-Cape Charles Ferry in Virginia, replaced by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. Those ships were the SS Cape May (originally the SS Delmarva), the SS Delaware (originally the SS Pocahontas), the SS New Jersey (originally the SS Princess Anne), the MV Cape Henlopen (originally the SS Virginia Beach) and later in 1964, the MV Atlantic (originally the MV Old Point Comfort) (this vessel was sold at the end of 1966).[2] The four remaining ships were replaced beginning in 1974 with new, diesel-powered vessels. The three original vessels of the new fleet, the MV Delaware, MV New Jersey, and MV Twin Capes, were supplemented by the MV Cape Henlopen (originally named New Del) in 1981 and the MV Cape May in 1985. Although these five vessels would later differ in external appearance, they were originally designed and built to identical specifications. Renovation projects in the mid- to late-1990s radically altered the shapes and appearances of the fleet. However, the vessels were only rebuilt from the hull up, meaning that their hulls and power plant remain identical.

Each vessel consists of an open car deck situated atop a hull that is low to the water. Because of the ships' shallow displacements, the ships appear almost barge-like, sitting directly atop the water, from a distance. The ships were originally built with two decks atop the car deck—the second deck consisting of a gift shop, café, and interior and exterior seating areas, and the third deck consisting of outdoor seating areas. Historically, an interior crew room was situated on the third deck, and a pilot house was on the fourth deck. Subsequent renovations changed these plans on some of the vessels.

Each vessel can hold 100 cars and 800 passengers. All have a length of 320 feet (98 m) and a breadth of 68 feet (21 m), a displacement of at least 2100 tons, a maximum draft of 7 feet (2.1 m), two 4,000 horsepower (3,000 kW) diesel engines, and a top speed of 16 knots (30 km/h) (18 mph).[2]

QMRThe Wilmington State Parks are a group of four parks in Wilmington operated by the Delaware State Park system. The four parks are Brandywine Park, including the Brandywine Zoo and Baynard Stadium, Alapocas Woods Natural Area, H. Fletcher Brown Park and Rockford Park. Admission to the parks is free, but a fee is charged for admittance to the zoo. The parks, within minutes of each other, are open year round from sunrise to sunset. The zoo is open daily from 10:00 am until 4:00 pm, May through November. Rockford Tower and Rockford Park is open from 10:00 am until 4:00 pm on Saturdays and Sundays, from May 1 until October 31. The parks are patrolled by Delaware State Park Rangers whose headquarters office is in Brandywine Park.[80]

QMRAfter 2000, a fourth "Appoquinimink County" was proposed to be carved out of New Castle County. The motivation for this failed[why?] effort was to end the zoning restrictions of the Unified Development Code on the undeveloped farmland.[10] The proposed boundaries extended beyond Appoquinimink Hundred to include all land south of the C&D Canal with Middletown as the proposed seat.

QMRLong Island is an island located just off the northeast coast of the United States and a region within the U.S. state of New York. Stretching east-northeast from New York Harbor into the Atlantic Ocean, the island comprises four counties: Kings and Queens (these form the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, respectively) to the west; then Nassau and Suffolk to the east. However, many people in the New York metropolitan area (even those living in Queens and Brooklyn) colloquially use the term "Long Island" (or "The Island") exclusively to refer to the Nassau-Suffolk county area collectively, which is mainly suburban in character.[2] North of the island is Long Island Sound, across from which lie the states of Connecticut and a small part of Rhode Island.

QMRThe Mayerthorpe tragedy occurred on March 3, 2005 on the property of James Roszko, approximately 11 km (6.8 mi) north of Rochfort Bridge near the Town of Mayerthorpe in the Canadian province of Alberta. With a Heckler & Koch 91, Roszko shot and killed Royal Canadian Mounted Police constables: Anthony Gordon, Lionide Johnston, Brock Myrol and Peter Schiemann. The incident occurred as the officers were executing a property seizure on the farm. This was the worst one-day loss of life for the RCMP[1] and the worst multiple-officer killing in modern Canadian history.[2]

The Fallen Four[edit]

The police officers killed in the Mayerthorpe tragedy are referred to as The Fallen Four.[6] Constables Johnston, Myrol and Schiemann were based out of the Mayerthorpe RCMP detachment while Constable Gordon was based out of Whitecourt.

Anthony Gordon[edit]

Constable Anthony Gordon, who was born in Edmonton and raised in Red Deer, became a police officer in October 2002. He was stationed in Whitecourt, 45 km (28 mi) west of Mayerthorpe, where he was assigned to general policing and highway patrol. Constable Gordon was 28 at the time of his death.[7]

Leo Johnston[edit]

Constable Lionide (Leo) Johnston became a member of the RCMP in 2001. From Owl River, he began his career in nearby Lac La Biche before being transferred to Mayerthorpe. Constable Johnston was 31 at the time of his death.[8]

Brock Myrol[edit]

Constable Brock Myrol, who was born in Outlook, Saskatchewan and raised in Red Deer, was an officer with the Mayerthorpe for less than three weeks at the time of the tragedy. Constable Myrol was 29 at the time of his death.[9]

Peter Schiemann[edit]

Constable Peter Schiemann became a member of the RCMP in 2000. From Petrolia, Ontario and raised in Stony Plain, he began his career in Mayerthorpe and was assigned to general policing and highway patrol. Constable Schiemann was 25 at the time of his death.[10][11]

QMrOver the following two years, the band toured widely to promote the album, including concerts in the U.S., Europe, Japan, and Australia. In 1996, they stopped touring[5] and made sporadic attempts to record Buckley's second album in New York with Tom Verlaine as producer. In 1997, Buckley moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to resume work on the album, to be titled My Sweetheart the Drunk, recording many four-track demos while also playing weekly solo shows at a local venue. On May 29, 1997, while awaiting the arrival of his band from New York, he drowned during a spontaneous evening swim, fully clothed, in the Mississippi River when he was caught in the wake of a passing boat; his body was found on June 4.[6]

Since his death, there have been many posthumous releases of his material, including a collection of four-track demos and studio recordings for his unfinished second album My Sweetheart the Drunk, expansions of Grace, and the Live at Sin-é EP. Chart success also came posthumously: with his cover of Leonard Cohen's song "Hallelujah" he attained his first No. 1 on Billboard's Hot Digital Songs in March 2008 and reached No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart that December. Buckley and his work remain popular[7] and are regularly featured in "greatest" lists in the music press.[8][9]

QMRLee Roy Martin, (around 1937 — 31 May 1972) also known as the "Gaffney Strangler", was an American serial killer from Gaffney, South Carolina. He murdered 4 girls in 1967-1968.[1]

QMRThe Farmville murders occurred in Farmville, Virginia in September, 2009 – the quadruple bludgeoning homicide of Mark Neiderbrock, Debra S. Kelley, their daughter Emma Neiderbrock and friend Melanie Wells.

On September 20, 2010, McCroskey pleaded guilty to the four murders. Although facing the death penalty, he was sentenced to life in prison.[11] Commonwealth's Attorney James Ennis says that the victims' families supported his decision to reach a plea agreement instead of going to trial and seeking the death penalty.

Others[edit]

After the death of Hitchens, Ayaan Hirsi Ali (who was intended to attend the original occasion where the term was coined) was described as the "fourth horse-woman" of the non-Apocalypse.[21] Hirsi Ali was born in Mogadishu, Somalia, fleeing in 1992 to the Netherlands in order to escape an arranged marriage.[22] She became involved in Dutch politics, rejected faith, and became vocal inopposing Islamic ideology, especially concerning women, as exemplified by her books Infidel and The Caged Virgin.[23] Hirsi Ali was later involved in the production of the film Submission, for which her friend Theo Van Gogh was murdered with a death threat to Hirsi Ali pinned to his chest.[24] This resulted in Hirsi Ali's hiding and later immigration to the United States, where she now resides and remains a prolific critic of Islam,[25] religion, and the treatment of women in Islamic doctrine and society,[26] and a proponent of free speech and the freedom to offend.[27][28]

While The Four Horsemen are arguably the foremost proponents of the New Atheism, there are a number of other current, notable New Atheists including: Lawrence M. Krauss, (author of A Universe from Nothing),[29] Jerry Coyne (Why Evolution is True[30] and its complementary blog[31] which specifically includes polemics against topical religious issues), Greta Christina (Why are you Atheists so Angry?),[32] Victor J. Stenger (The New Atheism),[33] Michael Shermer (Why People Believe Weird Things),[34] David Silverman (President of the American Atheists and author of Fighting God: An Atheist Manifesto for a Religious World), Ibn Warraq (Why I Am Not a Muslim),[35] Matt Dillahunty (host of the Austin-based webcast and cable-access television show The Atheist Experience),[36] Bill Maher (writer and star of the 2008 documentary Religulous),[37] Steven Pinker (noted cognitive scientist, linguist, psychologist and author)[38] and Julia Galef (co-host of the podcast Rationally Speaking) .

QMRA V4 engine is a type of four-cylinder engine, a Vee-form engine with four cylinders. A V4 engine typically has three main bearings. Usually one bank of cylinders will comprise cylinders # 1&3, and the other bank # 2&4. For reasons of packaging, the Honda VFR1200 has a 1&4, and 2&3 layout, meaning one bank is longer than the other.

QMRThe four Batillus-class supertankers were the largest and longest ships ever to be laid down per original plans. They were the largest ever when measuring gross tonnage, and were second only to Seawise Giant (post its jumboisation) for deadweight tonnage and length overall. All were built by 1979, three were retired by 1986, only Prairial sailed to 2003.

QMRThese four sister ships were unusual in having four funnels owned by City of Dublin Steam Packet Company, the Ulster, Munster, Leinster, and Connaught were all built to have high speed and to be far ahead of anything afloat at the time. These four ships all had the same design, 1700 gross tons, 337 ft long, and had two-cylinder oscillating engines of about 750 nhp, and had four powerful paddle steamers. The last of the quartet, Connaught, was the first steamer in the world to exceed 18 knots.[8]

RMS Connaught (1860)

RMS Leinster (1860)

RMS Munster (1860)

RMS Ulster (1860)

qMRDisney Cruise Line is a cruise line operation that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The company was incorporated in 1996 as Magical Cruise Company Limited[2] and is domiciled in London, England, with their operational headquarters located in Celebration, Florida.[1][3] The President is Karl Holz.[4]

Disney Cruise Line currently operates four ships: Disney Magic, Disney Wonder, Disney Dream, and Disney Fantasy.[5] Two as-yet-unnamed ships will join the fleet in 2021 and 2023. Disney Cruise Line also owns Castaway Cay, a private island in the Bahamas designed as an exclusive port of call for Disney's ships.[6] Disney Cruise Line operates the Disney Cruise Line Terminal in Port Canaveral, Florida, which is the home port for Disney Dream and Disney Fantasy. Disney Wonder is homeported in Galveston, Texas, San Juan, Puerto Rico and Barcelona, Spain. While Disney Magic is homeported in Vancouver, and Miami, Florida. In 2012, it is estimated Disney Cruise Lines will own nearly 3% share of the worldwide cruise market.[7]

QMRMemorial window in Binton Church, Warwickshire, one of four panels. This one depicts the cairn erected over the site of Scott's last tent.

QMRLum has worked on several public art projects. In Vienna in 2000, Lum realized a 540 square metre work on the side of the centrally located Kunsthalle Wien. The work, There is no place like home, generated controversy as Lum saw the work as a response to the growth of the extreme right in Europe. Lum's Four Boats Stranded: Red and Yellow, Black and White was installed upon the roof of the Vancouver Art Gallery in 2001.[33] The work, which can be viewed as a comment on immigration and acculturation, features four model boats: a First Nations longboat, a cargo ship, the steam liner Komagata Maru, and George Vancouver's ship HMS Discovery. Each vessel has been placed at one of the building's compass points—north, south, east, and west—and painted in a colour intended to reflect the stereotyped racial vision presented in the hymn "Jesus Loves the Little Children".[34]

QMRThe Saint Patrick's Day Four (also, The Saint Patrick's Four, or SP4) are four American peace activists of Irish Catholic heritage who poured their own blood on the walls, posters, windows, and a US flag at a military recruiting center to protest the United States' impending invasion of Iraq. The four consisted of a Vietnam War Veteran, former Binghamton City Mayor John Burns' son, and two sisters.[1] Peter De Mott, Daniel Burns, and Teresa and Clare Grady each are members of the Ithaca Catholic Worker community, which teaches that Christians should practice non-violence and devote their lives to service of others. They each served between four and six months in federal prison for their action on Saint Patrick's Day, March 17, 2003, in Lansing, New York, near Ithaca where they reside. The story of their protest and trial was the subject of a 2006 documentary film, directed by Adolfo Doring.Their first trial on state trespass charges, held in Ithaca, ended in a mistrial due to a hung jury.

The four activists were then retried on federal charges in Binghamton, generally considered to be a more conservative area where obtaining a conviction would be easier. However, local activists staged a massive protest outside the courthouse each day of the trial, and organized a six-day Citizen's Tribunal on Iraq (modeled after the World Tribunal on Iraq), featuring many internationally known speakers.

The four defended themselves pro se, but were assisted by a team of attorneys, such as William P. Quigley.[2] Although they were cleared of the most serious charges, they were convicted of misdemeanor charges of damage to government property and entering a military station for an unlawful purpose. All of them have been released from prison after serving their terms.

QMRHyland on the follow-up, "Four Little Heels (The Clickety Clack Song)", which was a minor hit, and the songwriting duo continued to work with Hyland.[1]

QMrA quest in role-playing video games—including massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) and their predecessors, MUDs—is a task that a player-controlled character, "party" or group of characters may complete in order to gain a reward.[1][2] Rewards may include an increase in the character's experience in order to learn new skills and abilities, loot or treasure, in-game currency such as gold coins, access to new locations or areas, or any combination of the above.

Quests are typically grouped in to one of four categories: kill quests, gather quests, delivery quests and escort quests. However, quests can include more than one mission, such as gathering something and transporting it somewhere. Quests can be linked together to form quest series or chains. In this manner, quests are used to provide the player with further background to the setting their characters are in. This mechanism is also used to advance any story or plot the game might have.

qMrNorth Myrtle Beach is a city in Horry County, South Carolina, United States. It was created in 1968 from four existing municipalities north of Myrtle Beach, and serves as one of the primary tourist towns along the Grand Strand. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,752, with the Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway combined statistical area population of 329,449.

North Myrtle Beach is located at 33°49′20″N 78°40′52″W (33.822216, -78.680974).[3] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 13.5 square miles (35.0 km²), of which, 13.0 square miles (33.8 km²) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.2 km²) of it (3.48%) is water.

The area is divided into four separate areas based on its former municipalities. These are Windy Hill, Crescent Beach, Ocean Drive, and Cherry Grove, a spit bordering North Carolina. Atlantic Beach, which lies inside of North Myrtle Beach, chose to remain its own town during the merger.

The current city government has pursued a policy of growth through annexation and in October 2008 annexed 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) that resulted in the city extending from the North Carolina state line to the city limits of Myrtle Beach.

QMRThe Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960,[1] which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.[2] While not the first sit-ins of the Civil Rights Movement, the Greensboro sit-ins were an instrumental action, and also the most well-known sit-ins of the Civil Rights Movement. These sit-ins led to increased national sentiment at a crucial period in US history.[3] The primary event took place at the Greensboro, North Carolina, Woolworth store, now the International Civil Rights Center and Museum.

QMRFour Oaks is a town in Johnston County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 1,921 at the 2010 census. Four Oaks is the home of the Acorn Festival.

Four Oaks was named by Colonel R. R. Bridgers in 1886 for an unusual sight that graced the land upon which he found himself. In 1850, 37 years before there was a town of Four Oaks, Aaron Wallace went hunting. He "treed a possum" and as was the protocol of the day, he "felled the tree" to secure the possum.

Years later Kinchen Barbour purchased that land and built a home nestled in a beautiful grove of oaks. None of the oaks was more appreciated or admired than the one closest to the house. This oak was actually four huge trees which had grown from the stump left by Wallace the possum hunter. It was the same oak so strongly admired by Col. Bridgers that he named his town in its honor.

Col. Bridgers had come to the area as the President of Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. The site, the size, and even the name of the town were determined by the railroad. In completing the track from Benson, NC to Smithfield, NC the company set up a worksite on high ground between the two towns. The worksite brought an increase in activity to the area. Col. Bridgers purchased the right of way for the immediate site. He then added additional acres with a purchase from Isaac Evans Blackwell, a Tuscarora Indian man whose family had been free since the 1700s. His final plot was 40 acres. Thirteen blocks were to be the town. Seven blocks would be developed on the south side of the tracks, and six would be developed on the north. The railroad, and its accompanying depot, split the town down the center. Today, the business center of town remains housed in these 13 blocks.

The Four Oaks Commercial Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.[3]

QMRThe College of Idaho is a private, residential liberal arts college in the western United States located in Caldwell, Idaho. Founded 125 years ago in 1891, it is the state's oldest private liberal arts college, with an enrollment of 1,140 students.

The C of I has produced seven Rhodes Scholars, three governors and four NFL players. Its PEAK Curriculum allows students to study in the four knowledge areas of humanities, natural sciences, social sciences and a professional field, enabling them to earn a major and three minors in four years.

QMRThe Four Lakes are a chain of four small glacial Paternoster lakes in Custer County, Idaho, United States, located in the White Cloud Mountains in the Sawtooth National Recreation Area. The lakes are located in the upper portion of the Little Boulder Creek watershed upstream of Quiet Lake and east of Patterson Peak. No trails lead to the Four Lakes Basin.[1]Four Lakes

Lake Elevation Max. length Max. width Location

Cornice Lake 3,010 m (9,880 ft) 187 m (614 ft) 080 m (260 ft) 44.052713°N 114.607164°W

Emerald Lake 3,020 m (9,910 ft) 214 m (702 ft) 140 m (460 ft) 44.051267°N 114.609737°W

Glacier Lake 3,050 m (10,010 ft) 090 m (300 ft) 075 m (246 ft) 44.051267°N 114.611733°W

Rock Lake 3,025 m (9,925 ft) 120 m (390 ft) 069 m (226 ft) 44.049873°N 114.608869°W

References[edit]

Jump up ^

QMRThe United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960. The Republican Party nominated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon, while the Democratic Party nominated John F. Kennedy, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. The incumbent President, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, was not eligible for re-election after being elected the maximum two times allowed by the Twenty-second Amendment; he was the first President affected by that amendment. This was the first presidential election in which voters in Alaska and Hawaii were able to participate, as both had become states in 1959.

The key turning point of the campaign were the four Kennedy-Nixon debates; they were the first presidential debates ever (The Lincoln–Douglas debates of 1858 had been for senator from Illinois), and also the first held on television, and thus attracted enormous publicity. Nixon insisted on campaigning until just a few hours before the first debate started. He had not completely recovered from his hospital stay and thus looked pale, sickly, underweight, and tired. He also refused makeup for the first debate, and as a result his beard stubble showed prominently on the era's black-and-white TV screens. Nixon's poor appearance on television in the first debate is reflected by the fact that his mother called him immediately following the debate to ask if he was sick. Kennedy, by contrast, rested and prepared extensively beforehand, appearing tanned,[note 1] confident, and relaxed during the debate.[20] An estimated 70 million viewers watched the first debate.[21] It is often claimed that people who watched the debate on television overwhelmingly believed Kennedy had won, while radio listeners (a smaller audience) believed Nixon had won.[21] However, one study has speculated that the viewer/listener disagreement could be due to sample bias in that those without TV could be a skewed subset of the population:[22]

Evidence in support of this belief [i.e., that Kennedy's physical appearance overshadowed his performance during the first debate] is mainly limited to sketchy reports about a market survey conducted by Sindlinger & Company in which 49% of those who listened to the debates on radio said Nixon had won compared to 21% naming Kennedy, while 30% of those who watched the debates on television said Kennedy had won compared to 29% naming Nixon. Contrary to popular belief, the Sindlinger evidence suggests not that Kennedy won on television but that the candidates tied on television while Nixon won on radio. However, no details about the sample have ever been reported, and it is unclear whether the survey results can be generalized to a larger population. Moreover, since 87% of American households had a television in 1960 [and that the] fraction of Americans lacking access to television in 1960 was concentrated in rural areas and particularly in southern and western states, places that were unlikely to hold significant proportions of Catholic voters."[20]

After the first debate, polls showed Kennedy moving from a slight deficit into a slight lead over Nixon. For the remaining three debates Nixon regained his lost weight, wore television makeup, and appeared more forceful than in his initial appearance.

However, up to 20 million fewer viewers watched the three remaining debates than the first one. Political observers at the time believed that Kennedy won the first debate,[23] Nixon won the second[24] and third debates,[25] while the fourth debate,[26] which was seen as the strongest performance by both men, was a draw.

The third debate is notable because it brought about a change in the debate process. This debate was a monumental step for television. For the first time ever split screen technology was used to bring two people from opposite sides of the country together so they were able to converse in real time. Nixon was in Los Angeles while Kennedy was in New York. The men appear to be in the same room, thanks to identical sets. Both candidates had monitors in their respective studios containing the feed from the opposite studio so they could respond to questions. Bill Shadel moderated the debate from a third television studio in Chicago. The main topic of this debate was whether military force should be used to prevent Quemoy and Matsu, two island archipelagos off the Chinese coast, from falling under Communist control.[27][28]

The series was conceived as a web series on Adult Swim's defunct comedy website, Super Deluxe, in 2008.[2] Neely, who had produced Baby Cakes and The Professor Brothers shorts for Super Deluxe in 2006,[3] envisioned the characters in each series to coexist in the same universe.[4] With this relationship in mind, he produced a four-part online series entitled China, IL, hand-drawn by him in his apartment in Austin, Texas.[5] The series was published onto Super Deluxe in 2008.[2] Intended for online consumption, he considered the web series independent from China, IL, due to the differences in format and structure that he stated he feels his work should be dictated by.[6]

Executive producer Daniel Weidenfeld stated in an interview with The Huffington Post that before they knew Super Deluxe would be folded into Adult Swim Video, he talked to senior executive vice president of Adult Swim, Mike Lazzo, about translating the online series to a television special.[7] The special, entitled "China, IL: The Funeral" combined the four-part series into an 11-minute television special, which aired on May 25, 2008.[8] Weidenfeld explained the special "was great, and it was insane that they would have ever put that on TV, but that itself never would have worked as a show."[9] Weidenfeld explained the plot outline for the short, consisting of three stories involving the four main characters; he explained in the interview that having to do "four beginning, middle and ends with one larger beginning, middle and end is the craziest sort of storytelling imaginable."[10] Weidenfeld had previously stated in an interview with MovieWeb that the combination of the shorts "isn't representative of what we've turned this show into. Or what the [original] shorts were, even."[11]

Shortly before Super Deluxe ceased operations, Weidenfeld moved to Los Angeles,[12] while Neely started working as a story consultant for South Park in 2007, during the show's eleventh season.[13] Neely eventually got a deal to write another script for Adult Swim; Weidenfeld and his brother Nick Weidenfeld, who oversaw development for the network encouraged him to use the existing characters in China, IL.[14] Neely stated that he had never done third-person narrative stories for television before, but collaborated with the Weidenfelds anyway and produced a pilot for the network (unrelated to the Super Deluxe shorts); he jokingly stated that "nobody will ever see [it]."[15]

QMRChina, IL (meaning China, Illinois) is an American animated television series created by Brad Neely for the Adult Swim programming block on Cartoon Network. The series takes place at The University of China, Illinois, dubbed the "Worst College in America" and located at the edge of town. The school's poor reputation is celebrated by the school's uncaring faculty and staff, constantly shown drinking while teaching and/or trying to avoid teaching altogether.

The series was originally conceived as a web series on Adult Swim's defunct comedy website, Super Deluxe, in 2008. Neely, who had done Baby Cakes and The Professor Brothers shorts for Super Deluxe in 2006, envisioned the characters in each series to coexist in the same universe. With the relationship in mind, he produced a four-part internet series entitled China, IL, which was published on Super Deluxe in 2008. An 11-minute television special combining the shorts, entitled "China, IL: The Funeral", aired on Adult Swim on May 25, 2008. Neely stated that a major inspiration behind the premise of the series derives from his lack of college experiences and his Arkansan upbringing. Episodes are written among a writing staff of six to eight people; for voice-over work, the crew works on two or three hours of dialogue for a certain character, followed by storyboard meetings, dailies, and rough cuts, with Neely directing other actors who come in after him.

China, IL ended on June 14, 2015, with a total of 30 episodes, following the series finale "Magical Pet".[1]

qMRGenoa is a city in the north-east corner of DeKalb County, Illinois, United States. It is located on the historic Galena-Chicago stagecoach route. At the 2010 census the city had a population of 5,193, up from 4,169 in 2000.

Genoa is governed by a mayor and eight-member City Council. The city is divided into four wards, with two aldermen representing each ward. The mayor and aldermen serve four-year terms. The terms of the City Council are staggered such that one alderman from each ward is elected every two years.

QMRPawnee boasts Illinois' first poet laureate, Howard B. Austin, as its adopted son. Austin was awarded this title in 1936 by Governor Henry Horner. He was born July 27, 1886 on the family farm near Blue Mound, Illinois. He died April 1, 1962 at his home in Springfield, Illinois. Austin performed with the Pawnee Four, a barbershop quartet known in central Illinois. Austin wrote songs for the quartet to perform at conventions, fairs and private celebrations. While living in Pawnee, Austin worked at the Consolidated State Bank.

Austin was known to compose song lyrics quickly, often during the event at which the Pawnee Four were to perform. Austin would hold out a sheet of paper with the lyrics and the quartet would fall into harmonies on his lead. Often his songs were not only composed immediately prior to their performances, but they were frequently about the previous speakers or performers. This contributed to his reputation as a witty and clever poet. Carl Sandburg followed Austin as Illinois next poet laureate.

Pawnee was also the home of Frank Hart, founding member of the band known as Atomic Opera. Frank grew up in Pawnee although he was born in Springfield, Illinois.

QMRUS 67 enters Illinois from Iowa by way of the Centennial Bridge that cross the Mississippi River. It is mostly two-lane highway from Rock Island to Monmouth where 67 intersects US 34. From Monmouth, US 67 is interplexed with US 34 until US 34 exits to run west toward Burlington, Iowa. From Monmouth to Macomb, US 67 is a "Super Four" 65 mph (105 km/h), four-lane highway. The Roseville Bypass was one of the last bypasses for this section and was completed in 2002. There is a section at Good Hope where the highway runs through town with signals and an at-grade rail crossing. In Macomb, US 67 runs through town as a four-lane arterial road which has an at-grade railroad crossing and several signals. Exiting Macomb, US 67 is a two-lane highway until it reaches just west of Chapin. From west of Chapin to just north of Roodhouse, US 67 is a "Super Four" 65 mph (105 km/h), four-lane highway. Immediately around Jacksonville US 67 is limited access. The limited access section runs for approximately 7 mi (11 km). From where the four-lane highway ends north of Roodhouse to 7 mi (11 km) south of Jerseyville US 67 is a two-lane highway. South of Jerseyville, US 67 is a four-lane highway until which exits to run south at the beginning of Illinois Route 255. US 67 is then an urban roadway until it exits Illinois by way of the Clark Bridge across the Mississippi River.

QMRThe Illinois Wesleyan University School of Theatre Arts houses its talent within the McPherson Theatre. Four main stage plays are performed here annually, selected from a playbill including everything from Shakespeare to musicals. McPherson Hall, completed in 1963, is named for IWU's 10th President, Harry W. McPherson, and contains a 300-seat theatre, scene shop, classrooms and other facilities.[33]

QMRThe Bloomington Parks & Recreation Department is composed of four divisions: Parks, Recreation, Golf, and the Miller Park Zoo. The Department maintains over 1,100 acres (4.5 km2) of land including 44 park sites and 3 golf courses including: Airport Park, Alton Depot Park, Angler’s Lake Nature Preserve, Atwood Wayside, Bittner Park, Brookridge Park, Buck-Mann Park, Clearwater Park, Eagle Crest Park, Emerson Park, Evergreen Park, Ewing Park 1, Ewing Park 2, Ewing Park 3, Fell Avenue Park, Forrest Park, Franklin Park, Friendship Park, Highland Park Golf Course, Holiday Park, Lincoln Leisure Center, Marie Litta Park, McGraw Park, Miller Park, Miller Park Zoo, Northpoint School Park, Oakland School Park, O’Neil Park, Pepperidge Park, Pepsi Ice Center, PJ Irvin Park, Prairie Vista Golf Course, R.T. Dunn Fields, Rollingbrook Park, Sale Ban Soccer Fields, Stevenson School Park, Suburban East Park, Sunnyside Park, The Den at Fox Creek Golf Course, Tipton Park, White Oak Park and Withers Park.[16] Parks are open from 6:00am to 10:00pm, alcoholic beverages and smoking are prohibited and pets are allowed in all parks on a leash.[17] These facilities often contain water spray parks, elaborate playgrounds, miniature golf, baseball/softball diamonds, soccer fields, cricket grounds, and lighted tennis courts. The Evergreen Racket Club provides indoor tennis courts. Outdoor public swimming pools are located at O'Neil Park (west) and Holiday Park (east). The YMCA, YWCA, and private health clubs operate indoor pools.

QMRThe Quad Cities Metropolitan Area, more formally known as the Davenport-Moline-Rock Island Metropolitan Statistical Area is the metropolitan area associated with the Quad Cities and its suburbs. The Quad Cities Metropolitan Area is also considered part of the Great Lakes Megalopolis, and is the largest Metropolitan Area along the Mississippi River in Iowa and between Minneapolis–Saint Paul and the St. Louis metropolitan area.[1] The Davenport-Moline-Rock Island Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of four counties: Scott County in Iowa and Henry, Mercer, and Rock Island counties in Illinois. The Quad City Metro population as of a 2013 estimate is 383,681 and a CSA population of 474,937, making it the 90th largest CSA in the nation.[2][3][4] In addition to the five anchor cities, the Quad Cities area comprises surrounding smaller communities. Examples include the Iowa cities of Dixon, Donahue, Eldridge, Long Grove, Park View, Blue Grass, Buffalo, Montpelier, Walcott, Maysville, McCausland, Mount Joy, New Liberty, Princeton, LeClaire, Panorama Park and Riverdale. The Illinois communities are Silvis, Milan, Andalusia, Carbon Cliff, Coal Valley, Colona, Geneseo, Hampton, Port Byron, Orion, Kewanee, Annawan, Aledo, and Rapids City.

QMrThe City of Silvis is part of a larger metropolitan area known as the Quad Cities. The Quad Cities Metropolitan Area is situated across four counties in Illinois and Iowa. Silvis is the first community one encounters when entering the Quad Cities from the east on Interstate 88. Four miles from the intersection of Interstate 80 and Interstate 88, Chicago, Des Moines and Omaha are just a few hours away.[2]

QMRThe Constitution of the State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois. There have been four Illinois Constitutions; the fourth and current version was adopted in 1970. The current constitution is referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" or less formally as the "1970 Constitition." The document is still referred to as the "Constitution of Illinois of 1970" even though there have been amendments to it after 1970.

QMRAccording to legend, it was in Galesburg, at the Gaity Theatre in 1914 where the four Marx Brothers (Groucho, Chico, Harpo, and Gummo) first received their nicknames. Nicknames ending in -o were popular in the early part of the 20th century, and a fellow Vaudevillian, Art Fisher, supposedly bestowed them upon the brothers during a poker game there. Zeppo Marx received his nickname later.[20]

QMRDuring the 18th century, French explorers headed by Bernard de la Harpe were forced to spend the winter just north of the present city of La Harpe, Illinois. About 1896, four stone tablets dated June 15, 1715 and inscribed in French were reportedly found a few miles east of the old fortication built by the explorers. Stones were conveniently translated locally by the only French family in town as follows: "We are surrounded by indians and have no hope for survival unless help soon arrives." Said stone tablets were reported to be sent to the Smithsonian for authentication, and were ruled a hoax. Their whereabouts are currently unknown.

QMRDelaware Plan (Fourfold Round Plan)[edit]

A commission empaneled by the Republican National Committee recommended the Delaware Plan in 2000. This plan had states grouped by size into four groups, with the smallest primaries first, then the next-smallest, and so on. Populous states objected to the plan, however, because it would have always scheduled their primaries at the end of the season. Other criticisms included the wide geographic range of the states, necessitating high travel costs. The Delaware Plan was put to vote at Republican National Convention of 2000 and rejected.

Rotating regional primary system[edit]

The National Association of Secretaries of State has endorsed a rotating regional primary system, with the country split into four regions: the West, the Midwest, the South, and the Northeast.[50] Unlike the Delaware Plan and the American Plan, the Rotating Regional Primary System would lower campaigning costs by restricting groups of primaries to single, contiguous regions.

Author and political scientist Larry J. Sabato is also a proponent of this plan, but his proposal would have the order of regional primaries determined by lottery on January 1 of each presidential election year instead of on a rotating basis. In addition, his plan would allow for a few small population states, such as Iowa and New Hampshire, to hold their primaries in advance of the first region.

Criticisms of the regional plan include the higher entry costs than the other plans (since 1/4 of the country would vote in the first regional), and the political bias of certain regions (the South or the Northeast) unduly influencing the selection of a nominee.

QMRPostville is a city in Allamakee and Clayton Counties in the U.S. state of Iowa. It lies near the junction of four counties and at the intersection of U.S. Routes 18 and 52 and Iowa Highway 51, with airport facilities in the neighboring communities of Waukon, Decorah, Monona, and Prairie du Chien. The population was 2,227 at the 2010 census, down from 2,273 The city is located in the southwestern corner of Allamakee County and the northwestern corner of Clayton County in a quad county or four corner region where four counties meet in the same spot. Winneshiek County is just to the west, and Fayette County is located just to the southwest of Postville.

QMRCedar Rapids is nicknamed the "City of Five Seasons", for the "fifth season", which is time to enjoy the other four.[1] The symbol of the five seasons is the Tree of Five Seasons sculpture in downtown along the north river bank. The name "Five Seasons" and representations of the sculpture appear throughout the city in many forms.[1]

The city is divided into four quadrants, used in addressing. 1st Avenue (U.S. Route 151 Business) divides the north and south sides of the city, and the Cedar River divides east and west. Mays Island, in the middle of the river, is the only area of the city where addresses have no quadrant. Areas outside of the city limit that use the "Cedar Rapids" city name on their mailing address also do not use the quadrants.

Except in the downtown area, 1st Avenue and the Cedar River tend to run diagonally instead of along the cardinal directions. Due to the curving of 1st Avenue, there are some areas in western Cedar Rapids where NW addresses are actually south of SW addresses.

Cedar Rapids is divided into fourteen ZIP Codes. Mays Island and the downtown area are covered by 52401. The northeast quadrant is covered by 52402 and 52411. The southeast quadrant is covered by 52403. The southwest quadrant is covered by 52404. The northwest quadrant is covered by 52405. Post office boxes are covered by ZIP codes 52406, 52407, 52408, 52409, and 52410. Several other ZIP codes are for specific business (Aegon USA, Rockwell Collins, etc.).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 72.07 square miles (186.66 km2), of which, 70.8 square miles (183.37 km2) is land and 1.27 square miles (3.29 km2) is water.[2]

QMRNewton is the county seat and most populous city in Jasper County, Iowa, United States.[4] Located 30 mi (48 km) miles east of Des Moines, Newton, is in Central Iowa.[5] As of the 2010 census,[6] the city population was 15,254. It is the home of Iowa Speedway, Maytag Dairy Farms, and the Iowa Sculpture Festival.

Newton is divided into four quadrants: 1st Avenue divides the north and south segments of Newton, and 1st Street divides the east and west segments. Roads labeled as avenues run east and west, while roads labeled as streets run north and south. Newton's street numbering system also extends into rural Jasper County.

A typical street name would appear "E 5th St S". The east or west label comes first, followed by the street, then followed by the north or south label. This example indicates the street is in the southeast quadrant of Newton.

A typical avenue name would appear "N 5th Ave W". In the case of avenues, the north or south label comes first, followed by the avenue, and then followed by the east or west label. This example indicates the avenue is in the northwest quadrant of Newton.

All addresses within Newton fall within the 50208 ZIP code.

QMrThe Iowa-class battleships were a class of fast battleships ordered by the United States Navy in 1939 and 1940 to escort the Fast Carrier Task Forces that would operate in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Four were completed; two more were laid down but canceled at war's end and scrapped. Like other third-generation American battleships, the Iowa class followed the design pattern set forth in the preceding North Carolina-class and South Dakota-class battleships, which emphasized speed and the secondary and anti-aircraft batteries.[1]

Between the mid-1940s and the early 1990s, the Iowa-class battleships fought in four major U.S. wars. In World War II, they defended aircraft carriers and shelled Japanese positions. During the Korean War, the battleships provided seaborne artillery support for United Nations forces fighting North Korea, and in 1968, New Jersey shelled Viet Cong and Vietnam People's Army forces in the Vietnam War. All four were reactivated and armed with missiles during the 1980s as part of the 600-ship Navy initiative; during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, Missouri and Wisconsin fired missiles and 16-inch (406 mm) guns at Iraqi targets.

Costly to maintain, the battleships were decommissioned during the post-Cold War draw down in the early 1990s. All four were initially removed from the Naval Vessel Register; however, the United States Congress compelled the Navy to reinstate two of them on the grounds that existing naval gunfire support would be inadequate for amphibious operations. This resulted in a lengthy debate over whether battleships should have a role in the modern navy. Ultimately, all four ships were stricken from the Naval Vessel Register and released for donation to non-profit organizations. With the transfer of Iowa in 2012, all four are part of various non-profit maritime museums across the U.S.

QMRThe Iowa State Capitol, completed in 1886, is the one of two state capitols to feature five domes, a central golden dome surrounded by four smaller domes. The other is the Rhode Island State House.

It is a quincunx which is five in the form of a quadrant

QMrIowa has four primary interstate highways. Interstate 29 (I-29) travels along the western edge of the state through Council Bluffs and Sioux City. I-35 travels from the Missouri state line to the Minnesota state line through the center of the state, including Des Moines. I-74 begins at I-80 just northeast of Davenport. I-80 travels from the Nebraska state line to the Illinois state line through the center of the state, including Council Bluffs, Des Moines, Iowa City, and the Quad Cities. I-380 is an auxiliary Interstate Highway, which travels from I-80 near Iowa City through Cedar Rapids ending in Waterloo and is part of the Avenue of the Saints highway.

QMRBetween 1854 and 1861, Kansas proposed four state constitutions. Out of the four proposed constitutions, three did not allow slavery.[25] Finally, in July 1859, Kansas passed the Wyandotte Constitution, which was anti-slavery.[26][27] The constitution for statehood was sent to the U.S. government in April, 1860 to be voted on. The constitution was passed by the House of Representatives, but rejected by the Senate.[28] This is because southern voters in the Senate did not like that Kansas would become a state without slavery. In 1861, after the Confederate states formed, the constitution gained approval from the Union, and Kansas became a state.[21][24][28][29]

QMRIn 1870 when the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Rail Road (later the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, now the BNSF Railway) crossed the Missouri, Kansas and Texas line within the limits of Neosho county four rival towns sprang up, in the vicinity of the junction: New Chicago, Chicago Junction, Alliance, and Tioga. Two years of the most bitter animosity ensued until the four were consolidated in 1872, and the name of Chanute given it in honor of Octave Chanute, a railroad civil engineer.[7]

QMRSouth Park is a large park in Downtown Lawrence divided by Massachusetts Street just south of the county courthouse between North Park and South Park Streets. The park originally consisted of four separate parks—Lafayette, Hamilton, Washington and Franklin Parks—but was combined to form one park.[76] South Park was developed in 1854 as part of the original city plat. A gazebo was built in South Park in 1910 and is used for annual city band performances during the summer months.[76]

QMRThe Kansas City metropolitan area is a 14-county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri that straddles the border between the U.S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of 2,393,623, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri (after Greater St. Louis) and has a population in Kansas larger than the Wichita metropolitan area. Alongside Kansas City, the area includes a number of other cities and suburbs, the largest being Overland Park, Kansas; Kansas City, Kansas; and Independence, Missouri; all over 100,000 in population.The Mid-America Regional Council (MARC) serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area.

The larger Kansas City Metropolitan Area as seen on a map can be visualized roughly as four quadrants:

The northeast quadrant of the map is locally referred to as "north of the river" or "the Northland". It includes parts of Clay County, Missouri including North Kansas City, Missouri. North Kansas City is bounded by a bend in the Missouri River that defines a border between Wyandotte County, Kansas and Clay County, Missouri running approximately North-South and a border between North Kansas City, Missouri and Kansas City, Missouri running approximately East-West. The sharpest part of the river bend forms a peninsula containing the Kansas City Downtown Airport.

The southeast quadrant includes Kansas City, Missouri and surrounding areas in Missouri. It includes the notorious Grandview Triangle.

The southwest quadrant includes all of Johnson County, Kansas, which includes the towns in the area known as Shawnee Mission, Kansas. Interstate 35 runs diagonally through Johnson County, Kansas from the southwest to downtown Kansas City, Missouri.

The northwest quadrant contains Wyandotte County, Kansas and parts of Platte County, Missouri. Wyandotte County, Kansas, sometimes referred to as just Wyandotte, which contains Kansas City, Kansas, Bonner Springs, Kansas and Edwardsville, Kansas is governed by a single unified government. Often the Wyandotte government is referred to simply as "The Unified Government". Another bend in the Missouri River forms the county line between Wyandotte County, Kansas and Platte County, Missouri to the north and northeast.

QMrHutchinson is a city of the first class with a council-manager form of government.[32] The city council consists of five members. For purposes of representation in the council, the city is divided into four districts with one council member elected to a four-year term from each district. The fifth council member is elected at-large to a two-year term. Every year, the council selects one member to serve as mayor and another as vice-mayor. Council members are term limited and may not serve for more than one partial term plus two consecutive four-year terms. The council sets policy for the city and oversees the city manager who executes those policies. Hired by the council, the city manager serves as the city's chief administrative officer, administers the city budget, and conducts daily city business. Council meetings occur on the first and third Tuesday of each month, broadcast live on local cable channel 7.[33]

QMRState officers first used the state capitol in 1869, moving from Constitution Hall, what is now 427-429 S. Kansas Avenue. Besides being used as the Kansas statehouse from 1863 to 1869, Constitution Hall is the site where anti-slavery settlers convened in 1855 to write the first of four state constitutions, making it the "Free State Capitol." The National Park Service recognizes Constitution Hall - Topeka as headquarters in the operation of the Lane Trail to Freedom on the Underground Railroad, the chief slave escape passage and free trade road.

QMRThe Nelson-Atkins Museum opened its stunning Euro-Style Bloch addition in 2007, and the Safdie-designed Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts opened in 2011. The Power and Light Building is influenced by the Art Deco style and sports a glowing sky beacon. The new world headquarters of H&R Block is a 20-story all-glass oval bathed in a soft green light. The four industrial artworks atop the support towers of the Kansas City Convention Center (Bartle Hall) were once the subject of ridicule, but now define the night skyline near the new Sprint Center along with One Kansas City Place (Missouri's tallest office tower), the KCTV-Tower (Missouri's tallest freestanding structure) and the Liberty Memorial, a WWI memorial and museum that flaunts simulated flames and smoke billowing into the night skyline. Kansas City is home to significant national and international architecture firms including ACI Boland, BNIM, 360 Architecture, HNTB, Populous. Frank Lloyd Wright designed two private residences and Community Christian Church there.

QMRThe Four State Area or Quad State Area, is the area where the states of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma touch.[1][2] The Tulsa, Oklahoma; Joplin, Missouri; and Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas metropolitan areas are located within the region. Notable cities and towns in the area are Tulsa, Oklahoma; Pittsburg, Kansas; Joplin, Missouri; and Fayetteville, Springdale, Rogers and Bentonville, Arkansas.

qMRDie Four Pickled Peppers waren eine US-amerikanische Western Swing-Band aus North Carolina.

QMRSt. Michael's Church is an historic church and the oldest surviving religious structure in Charleston, South Carolina. It is located at Broad and Meeting streets on one of the Four Corners of Law, and represents ecclesiastical law. It was built in the 1750s by order of the South Carolina Assembly. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is a National Historic Landmark.

The church houses a clock and change ringing bells dating from colonial times,[3] The clock is the oldest tower clock in North America. The bells are one of four sets (Grace Episcopal, The Cathedral of Saint Luke and Saint Paul and Stella Maris Catholic church) in the Charleston area.

QMRThe Four Corners of Law is a term commonly used to refer to the intersection of Meeting and Broad Streets in Charleston, South Carolina.[1] It was coined in the 1930s by Robert Ripley, creator of Ripley's Believe it or Not![2] and refers to the buildings occupying the four corners of the intersection:

St. Michael's Episcopal Church (Charleston, South Carolina), constructed between 1752 and 1761, stands on the southeast corner of the intersection. In its churchyard are the graves of John Rutledge and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, signers of the United States Constitution.

On the northeast corner of the Four Corners is Charleston City Hall, constructed in the Adamesque style between 1800 and 1804.

Across the street, on the northwest corner, stands the Charleston County Courthouse. Originally constructed in 1753 as South Carolina's provincial capital, the building was rebuilt in 1792 for use as a courthouse.

On the southwest corner is the United States Post Office and Federal Courthouse, built in 1896.[1]

The term "Four Corners of Law" represents the presence of institutions representing federal, state, local and ecclesiastical law on each corner of the intersection.[1]

QMRRock Hill is the largest city in York County, South Carolina and the fifth-largest city in the state.[4] It is also the fourth-largest city of the Charlotte metropolitan area, behind Charlotte, Concord, and Gastonia (all located in North Carolina, unlike Rock Hill). The population was 66,154 as of the 2010 Census.[5]

The Four Civitates and the Gateway[edit]

The symbols of the city are the four Civitas (pl. civitates) statues, installed in 1991 at the Gateway corridor on Dave Lyle Boulevard.[citation needed]

Columns at the Gateway Intersection

Each holds a disc that symbolizes the four drivers of the city's economy - Gears of Industry, Flames of Knowledge, Stars of Inspiration, and Bolts of Energy. The ribbons in the Civitates' clothing and hair transform into wings, inferring the textile industry as the foundation of the city's growth.[citation needed]

The 22-foot-tall (6.7 m) Civitas statues were made of bronze by the New York sculptor Audrey Flack. Originally they were to be installed in Uptown Charlotte, but were offered to the city of Rock Hill.

In 1992, a fifth Civitas statue by Flack was placed at the City Hall in downtown Rock Hill.

The 60-foot-tall (18 m) columns that form the Gateway came from the old (1914-87) Egyptian Revival Masonic Temple in Charlotte, North Carolina. They were gifted to the city by the First Union Corporation, and are regarded among the area’s most treasured historical artefacts.[citation needed]

QMRMinot (Listeni/ˈmaɪnɒt/ my-not) is a city located in north central North Dakota, United States. It is most widely known for the Air Force base located approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of the city. With a population of 40,888 at the 2010 census,[5] Minot is the fourth largest city in the state. In 2012, the Minot Area Development Corporation estimated that there were between 46,000 and 47,000 permanent residents within city limits.[6] The city is the county seat of Ward County[7] and is a trading center for a large portion of northern North Dakota, southwestern Manitoba, and southeastern Saskatchewan. Founded in 1886 during the construction of the Great Northern Railway, Minot is also known as "Magic City", commemorating its remarkable growth in size over a short time.

The city is laid out on a grid-based street system. Streets run north-south and avenues run east-west. Streets are numbered by their block distance east or west of Main Street. Similarly, Avenues are numbered north and south of Central Avenue. There are four city quadrants (NW, SW, SE, NE) to describe the exact location of any given address. Main Street addresses are simply designated North and South. Central Avenue addresses are simply designated East and West. The grid addressing system carries over into the rural areas of Ward County, making the county one of only three that do not follow the statewide grid system in North Dakota (the others being Burleigh County and Grand Forks County).

QMRThe flag of the state of Arkansas is a red field charged with a large blue-bordered white diamond. Twenty-nine five-pointed stars appear on the flag: twenty-five small white stars within the blue border, and four larger blue stars in the white diamond. The inscription "ARKANSAS" appears in blue within the white diamond, with one star above and three stars below. The star above and the two outer stars below point upwards; the inner star below points downwards.

In 1923, the legislature added a fourth star, representing the Confederate States of America. This fourth star was originally placed so that there were two stars above the state name and two below; this was to include the Confederacy alongside Spain, France, and the United States. Since this disturbed the other two meanings of the original three stars, the legislature corrected this in 1924 by placing the Confederate star above "ARKANSAS" and the original three stars below it, as it is today.

QMRFour Gums is an unincorporated community in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States.[1]

Four Gums has been noted for its unusual place name.[2]

QMRForty Four is an unincorporated community in Izard County, Arkansas, in the United States.[1]

Forty Four has been noted for its unusual place name.[2]

QMRJackson is host to a number of world-class arts organizations, including the Congressionally-designated National Museum of Wildlife Art, the Grand Teton Music Festival, and the Center for the Arts. The large arches of shed elk antlers at the four entrances to the town square are popular attractions.

QMRRiverton (Arapaho: Hóóxonó'oo)[6] is a city in Fremont County, Wyoming, United States. The city's population was 10,615 at the 2010 census.

The city is an incorporated entity of the state of Wyoming. The community was named Riverton because of the four rivers that meet there.[7] The town was built on land ceded from the Wind River Reservation in 1906, a situation that often makes it subject to jurisdictional claims by the nearby Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes. Recent legal rulings indicate the land may have been sold but not ceded...(BIA Solicitor Opinion, October, 2011)

QMRFor the 2000 census, only one person resided in Lost Springs, Wyoming. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town is one of only four places in the United States to have a population of one person. Since 2000, the population of Monowi, Nebraska also fell to one. However, Lost Springs mayor Leda Price claims the census was inaccurate, and that Lost Springs had four residents in 2000.[13] The population reached five by 2002.[14] By 2009, the population had dropped to three.[15] According to the 2010 Census, the population was four.[6]

qMRThe four major broadcasters in the U.S. are the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) and Fox. The four major broadcast television networks are all commercial entities. Cable television offers hundreds of channels catering to a variety of niches.[540] Americans listen to radio programming, also largely commercial, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day.[541]

QMrHaving been Tlingit territory and then under the jurisdiction of Russia, Great Britain, and the United States, Wrangell has the unique status as the only Alaskan city to have been governed under four "flags".

QMROn Wednesday, 28 July 2010, a U.S. Air Force transport plane crashed at Elmendorf Air Force Base in Alaska, resulting in the death of all four crew members aboard. The aircraft involved was a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III (tail number 00-0173) and the crash was the first fatal C-17 flight mishap. The crew were practicing for Elmendorf's Arctic Thunder Air Show, which took place three days later.

The aircraft was a four-engined C-17 Globemaster III built by Boeing.[1] It belonged to the 3rd Wing (3 WG) and operated jointly with the 176th Wing (176 WG) at Elmendorf AFB, located near downtown Anchorage.[2] The aircraft had Air Force serial number "00-0173" and was named Spirit of the Aleutians.[3]

The US Air Force has 199 C-17s in service with the active Air Force, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard, with the type being based at Elmendorf since June 2007. At the time of the crash the base had eight of the aircraft, operated jointly by an active duty Air Force organization, the 3rd Wing's 517th Airlift Squadron, and an Alaska Air National Guard unit, the 176th Wing's 249th Airlift Squadron.[4] The mishap was the first fatal crash of a C-17.[1]

QMROn 15 December 1989, KLM Flight 867, en route from Amsterdam to Narita International Airport Tokyo, was descending to Anchorage International Airport Alaska when all four engines failed. The Boeing 747-400 combi, less than six months old at the time,[1] flew through a thick cloud of volcanic ash from Mount Redoubt,[2] which had erupted the day before.

QMRThe Fourth Kind is a 2009 American science fiction horror film[2] directed by Olatunde Osunsanmi, starring Milla Jovovich, Elias Koteas, Corey Johnson, Will Patton, Charlotte Milchard, and Mia Mckenna-Bruce. The title is derived from the expansion of J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the fourth kind denotes alien abductions.

QMRThe Fairbanks Four. Hours after Alaskan teenager John Hartman was found dead by a Fairbanks roadside in 1997, two of his high-school classmates — George Frese and Eugene Vent — confessed to killing him. They also implicated two other boys, Marvin Roberts and Kevin Pease. All four were convicted of the murder. The group of boys became known as the "Fairbanks Four." In the years following their convictions, Frese and Vent recanted and claimed their confessions were false. The Alaska Dispatch reports that Frese, 36; Vent, 33; Roberts, 35; and Pease, 35 "have maintained their innocence in prison ever since, first serving time in Arizona, Colorado, and now back in Alaska."[7] According to new evidence presented by the Alaska Innocence Project, another man — William Holmes — said in a sworn affidavit that he and another group of Fairbanks teenagers killed Hartman. Holmes is serving a life sentence for the murder of two people in California that happened after the Fairbanks crime. One week after the Alaska Innocence Project filed court documents citing new evidence that may suggest that four men who were convicted of the 1997 deadly beating of a classmate are innocent, the Alaska Department of Law ordered an independent review of the case.[8]

QMRRoanoke is divided into four quadrants: Northwest (NW), Northeast (NE), Southwest (SW), and Southeast (SE). The mailing address for locations in Roanoke includes the two letter quadrant abbreviation after the street name. For example, the Center in the Square[23] complex in downtown Roanoke has the address "1 Market Square SE."

QMRFour States is an unincorporated community in Marion County, West Virginia, United States. Four States is located along a railroad line northwest of Worthington. Four States has a post office with ZIP code 26572.[2]

QMRBig Four is an unincorporated community located in McDowell County, West Virginia, United States. Their post office [2] has been closed. Originally known as Cirrus,[3] Big Four is reported to have been renamed for the four men who operated the coal mines in the area. This is the location of McDowell County's Wal-Mart.

QMRFour Corners is an unincorporated community in Fairfax County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.

QMRFour County Players[edit]

The Four County Players is a community theater that has been the longest continuous operating theater in Central Virginia. Because the Four County Players are a nonprofit organization, they rely mostly on volunteers to work with them to achieve their production goals. Lillian Morse and Bill Thomas decided that the arts was needed in rural communities. The group originally started as ten people met in Morse’s home in January 1973, with all of their money together they had $70 to start their theatre project. Their first act as a group was with the Gordonsville Recreational Center. By working with the children there, they put on two productions: Switched at the Crossroad and Noah’s Flood.[7]

In 1979 the Four County Players started something they called the Theatre Related Employment Experience Program (TREE program). This program was put in place to help hire youth who were disadvantaged and teach them job skills especially related to theatre. It was funded by the Governor’s Manpower Services Council.[7]

Ralph and Marcelia Hall were patrons for the Four County Players and decided that they wanted to provide a scholarship for the actors working with the company. In 1980 they started a scholarship program by selling food and drinks at the Bistro. They used the proceeds to fund the scholarship.[7]

Barboursville Vineyards agreed to let Four County Players use the Barboursville Ruins as a performance space for Shakespeare in the Ruins as proposed by Sara Smith Bossong. The tradition was started in 1990 but ended sixteen years later in 2006 because the ruins were deteriorating quickly and needed restoration. Despite Shakespeare in the Ruins ending, in 2007 the company moved indoors and put on a production of Twelfth Night.[7]

QMRThere are 15 counties in the U.S. state of Arizona.[1] Four counties (Mohave, Pima, Yavapai and Yuma) were created in 1864 following the organization of the Arizona Territory in 1862. The now defunct Pah-Ute County was split from Mohave County in 1865, but merged back in 1871. All but La Paz County were created by the time Arizona was granted statehood in 1912.[2]

QMRMount Baldy is one of the most sacred mountains to the Apache of Arizona. The Western Apache of Arizona inhabited the areas within their most four sacred mountain ranges: the White Mountains of Eastern Arizona, the Pinaleno Mountains near the town of Safford in southeastern Arizona, the Four Peaks near the City of Phoenix and the San Francisco Peaks near Flagstaff.

QMrFour Peaks (Yavapai: Wi:khoba[3]) is a prominent landmark on the eastern skyline of Phoenix. Part of the Mazatzal Mountains, it is located in the Tonto National Forest 40 miles (64 km) east-northeast of Phoenix, in the 61,074-acre (247.16 km2) Four Peaks Wilderness.[4] On rare occasions, Four Peaks offers much of the Phoenix metro area a view of snow-covered peaks, and is the highest point in Maricopa County. Four Peaks contains an amethyst mine that produces top-grade amethyst.

The name Four Peaks is a reference to the four distinct peaks of a north–south ridge forming the massif's summit. The northernmost peak is named Brown's Peak and is the tallest of the four at 7,659 feet (2,334 m).[1] The remaining summits are unnamed, and from north to south are 7,644 feet (2,330 m),[5] 7,574 feet (2,309 m)[6] and 7,526 feet (2,294 m)[7] in altitude.

QMRBecause of river compacts, Colorado doesn't control all the water originating within its borders, and out-of-state players have their own interests, particularly of the "big four" Colorado rivers which arise within the state:

Arkansas River

Colorado River

South Platte River

Rio Grande

qMRStryker, Jared Polis, Tim Gill, and Rutt Bridges are known in Colorado political circles as "The Four Horsemen" (aka "Gang of Four" or "The Four Millionaires") who donate to liberal causes related to identity politics.[4][9][10] Significant political contributions from the four to favored Democratic candidates has played a role in electing a Democratic majority in Colorado's house and senate.[11][12] Stryker has been frequently represented at political meetings by Al Yates, former president of Colorado State University, an African-American.[4]

qMRFour school shootings took place at a school

QMRThe University of Colorado system is a system of public universities in Colorado consisting of four campuses: University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, University of Colorado Denver in downtown Denver and at the Anschutz Medical Campus in Aurora. It is governed by an elected, nine-member Board of Regents of the University of Colorado.

The University of Colorado advances the economy, health and culture of Colorado and beyond, educating more than 435,000 students who have become catalysts in business, arts, health and community growth. CU’s four campuses feature top-tier faculty and hands-on learning opportunities in an environment where students thrive. Students and faculty at CU's four campuses are involved with research and learning that advances communities in Colorado and around the globe.

The University of Colorado's official abbreviation is CU, not the more intuitive "UC". This is to avoid confusion with the University of California system (founded in 1868), which at the time of the creation of the CU system was already referred to as UC.[citation needed]

QMRThe Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the fundamental governing document of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the 50 individual state governments that make up the United States of America. As a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779, John Adams was the document's principal author. Voters approved the document on June 15, 1780. It became effective on October 25, 1780, and remains the oldest functioning written constitution in continuous effect in the world.[1][2] It was also the first constitution anywhere to be created by a convention called for that purpose rather than by a legislative body.[1] Only the Constitution of San Marino has sections still in force that are older.[3]

The Massachusetts Constitution was written last of the original states' first constitutions. Rather than taking the form of a list of provisions, it was organized into a structure of chapters, sections, and articles. It served as a model for the Constitution of the United States of America, drafted seven years later, which used a similar structure. It also influenced later revisions of many other state constitutions. The Massachusetts Constitution has four parts: a preamble, a declaration of rights, a description of the framework of government, and articles of amendment.

It has been amended 120 times, most recently in 2000.

Norfolk County 1643 1679 Abolished – most of its territory was absorbed into New Hampshire; one of four original counties created in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Suffolk County 025 Boston 1643 One of four original counties created in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Government abolished in 1999.[4] For the English county of Suffolk 722,023 58 sq mi

(150 km2)

Middlesex County 017 Cambridge and Lowell 1643 One of four original counties created in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Government abolished in 1997.[4] For the English county of Middlesex 1,503,085 824 sq mi

(2,134 km2)

QMREssex County 009 Salem and Lawrence 1643 One of four original counties created in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Government abolished in 1999.[4] For the English county of Essex 743,159 498 sq mi

(1,290 km2)

qMRImmediately before being sworn into office, the Governor-elect receives four symbols from the departing Governor: the ceremonial pewter "Key" for the Governor's office door, the Butler Bible, the "Gavel", and a two-volume set of the Massachusetts General Statutes with a personal note from the departing Governor to his/her successor added to the back of the text. The Governor-elect is then escorted by the Sergeant-at-Arms to the House Chamber and sworn in by the Senate President before a joint session of the House and Senate.[5]

QMRThe South Quabbin region (formerly the Swift River Valley) includes the towns of Barre, Belchertown, Pelham, Ware, Hardwick, Leverett, and Shutesbury. This area once included the four "Lost Towns" of Enfield, Dana, Greenwich, and Prescott, which were destroyed to make way for the Quabbin Reservoir.

QMRDuring the Revolutionary War the Common was used as the meeting place for soldiers before going off to war. The common is also the location of the city's Civil War monument which bears the names of the 54 men who died then. The monument was dedicated in the 1870s, and in the 1880s the statue was added to the monument. Four Civil War cannons also decorated the monument, but during World War II the cannon were melted down for use in the war. They were replaced by World War II guns.

qMRMerrimack is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 25,494 at the 2010 census, making it the eighth-largest municipality in New Hampshire.[1] In 2013, Merrimack was named the twenty-third best place to live in the United States by CNN Money Magazine.[2]

There are four villages in the town: Merrimack Village (formerly known as Souhegan Village), Thornton's Ferry, Reed's Ferry, and South Merrimack.

QMREpping is a town in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 6,411 at the 2010 census.[1] Epping includes the area known as Camp Hedding.

The town was originally part of Exeter, one of the four original New Hampshire townships. To encourage settlement, as early as 1710 Exeter awarded free wood lots in the area. In 1741, Epping was granted a charter and incorporated as a town, the last New Hampshire town chartered by Governor Jonathan Belcher before the Province of New Hampshire was granted a governor who did not also govern the neighboring Province of Massachusetts Bay. Epping was named for Epping, in England.[2]

QMRFirst called the Plantation of Winnacunnet, Hampton was one of four original New Hampshire townships chartered by the General Court of Massachusetts, which then held authority over the colony. "Winnacunnet" is an Algonquian Abenaki word meaning "pleasant pines" and is the name of the town's high school, serving students from Hampton and surrounding towns.

QMRThe Candia Four Corners is an unincorporated community located near the center of the town of Candia, New Hampshire, in the United States.

Roads[edit]

The name "Four Corners" refers to three roads which intersect at the village center: High Street, Main Street, and Deerfield Road. High Street, running east-west, is a portion of New Hampshire Route 27, which stretches from Hooksett (to the west) to Hampton Beach, New Hampshire (to the east). This road was formerly the main east-west thoroughfare through southern New Hampshire, but was replaced by New Hampshire Route 101, a four-lane expressway to the south of the Four Corners. Main Street, departing to the south, and Deerfield Road, going north, make up a portion of New Hampshire Route 43, which originates in Candia at NH 101.

QMRIn August 2011, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration moved its base for research ships from Seattle to Newport. The base has about 110 marine officers and a total of 175 employees. It bases four ships and provides support for up to two itinerant vessels.[17] NOAA has some personnel at the Hatfield Marine Science Center which support the fisheries science centers for Alaska and the Northwest. The ships will join the RV Oceanus and RV Elakha, research vessels based at the center.

QMRThe Four Rivers Cultural Center, which was named by John and Chaundra Cammack, was named after the Snake, Malheur, Owyhee and Payette rivers, has a museum that traces the history of settlement in the area by the Northern Paiutes and Basque, Japanese American, Eskimos, Hispanic and European American immigrants. The center's theater and conference center contribute regional dollars to the local economy, as does Treasure Valley Community College, located near the cultural center.

The Provisional Legislature of Oregon created the county as Twality District on July 5, 1843.[5] Twality was one of the original four districts of the Provisional Government of Oregon in Oregon Country along with Clackamas, Champooick (later Marion), and Yamhill counties. Columbia, later known as Hillsboro, was selected as the county seat in 1850. Washington County obtained its present boundaries in 1854 with the creation of Columbia County to the north and Multnomah County to the east.[5]

QMRMarion County was created by the Provisional Legislature of Oregon on July 5, 1843 as the Champooick District, one of the original four districts of the Oregon Country along with Twality (later Washington), Clackamas, and Yamhill counties. The four districts were redesignated as counties in 1845.

QMRThe Deltona massacre (commonly referred to as the "Xbox Murders") was a residential murder which occurred on August 6, 2004, at a home on Telford Lane in Deltona, Florida, United States. Four men broke into the home and bludgeoned six victims to death. The four attackers,[2] apparently inspired by the movie Wonderland,[3] tortured and killed four men, two women, and a dog inside the home, making it the bloodiest mass murder in Volusia County history.[4] Their motive was revenge on Erin Belanger, who evicted one of the attackers from her grandmother's house, and the recovery of belongings including an Xbox.

QMrLynyrd Skynyrd's song "Four Walls of Raiford" tells the story of a convict who escapes from the Florida State Prison; The convict is a veteran returning from the Vietnam War and pleads his case that he was wrongly convicted for armed robbery and asks to be buried with full honors if he gets caught.

QMRThe Groveland Four (or the Groveland Boys) were four young African-American men: Ernest Thomas, Charles Greenlee, Samuel Shepherd and Walter Irvin, who were accused of raping a 17-year-old white woman in Lake County, Florida, USA, in 1948. Thomas was killed as a suspect by a posse after leaving the area; Greenlee, Shepherd and Irvin were beaten while in jail to coerce confessions, but Irvin refused to confess falsely. The three survivors were each convicted at trial by an all-white jury; Greenlee was sentenced to life because he was only 16 at the time of the event; the other two were sentenced to death. A retrial was ordered by the United States Supreme Court after hearing their appeals, led by Thurgood Marshall of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

QMRIn 1949 the Groveland Four, Ernest Thomas, Charles Greenlee, Samuel Shepherd and Walter Irvin, were wrongly convicted of rape. The convictions were eventually overturned by the U. S. Supreme Court in a case argued by NAACP special counsel Thurgood Marshall. However, Ernest Thomas had already been killed by a posse.[clarification needed] Samuel Shepard and Walter Irvin were shot by Lake County Sheriff Willis McCall while being transferred, in handcuffs, to the Lake County jail. The descendants of the Groveland Four petitioned Florida governor Rick Scott in 2012 for an apology from the State of Florida, citing new evidence from an FBI file on the case that no rape ever occurred.[4] The 2012 book Devil in the Grove documents this episode.[5]

QMRConstruction of additional buildings began after the agency occupied buildings at Ft. Meade in the late 1950s, which they soon outgrew.[156] In 1963 the new headquarters building, nine stories tall, opened. NSA workers referred to the building as the "Headquarters Building" and since the NSA management occupied the top floor, workers used "Ninth Floor" to refer to their leaders.[157] COMSEC remained in Washington, D.C., until its new building was completed in 1968.[156] In September 1986, the Operations 2A and 2B buildings, both copper-shielded to prevent eavesdropping, opened with a dedication by President Ronald Reagan.[158] The four NSA buildings became known as the "Big Four."[158] The NSA director moved to 2B when it opened.[158]

The National Security Agency (NSA) is an intelligence organization of the United States government, responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes – a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). NSA is concurrently charged with protection of U.S. government communications and information systems against penetration and network warfare.[8][9] Although many of NSA's programs rely on "passive" electronic collection, the agency is authorized to accomplish its mission through active clandestine means,[10] among which are physically bugging electronic systems[11] and allegedly engaging in sabotage through subversive software.[12][13] Moreover, NSA maintains physical presence in a large number of countries across the globe, where its Special Collection Service (SCS) inserts eavesdropping devices in difficult-to-reach places. SCS collection tactics allegedly encompass "close surveillance, burglary, wiretapping, breaking and entering".[14][15]

QMRThe Community College of St. Mary's County was established in 1978 at Great Mills High School. The campus was moved to its current location in 1997, which includes four buildings—Buildings A, B, C, and D.[12] The campus has an auditorium/seminar room, science labs, and a wellness center, which is available for student and community use.[12]

QMRThe official flag of the state of Maryland consists of the heraldic banner of George Calvert, Lord Baltimore (1579–1632). The flag was officially adopted by the Maryland General Assembly in 1904.

Section 7-202 of the General Provisions Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland provides: "(a) The State flag is divided into quarters. (b) The first and fourth quarters are a paly of six pieces, or (gold) and sable (black), and a bend dexter (right diagonal band) counterchanged, so that they consist of six alternating gold and black vertical bars with a diagonal band on which the colors are reversed. (c) The second and third quarters are quartered argent (white) and gules (red), a cross bottony counterchanged, so that they consist of a quartered field of white and red, charged with a Greek cross that has arms terminating in trefoils and opposite coloring so that red is on the white quarters and white is on the red quarters, as represented on the escutcheon of the State seal."

The Maryland Secretary of State publishes a "Protocol for the Maryland State Flag" which, among other things, specifies the colors of the flag:

1.04. The red and yellow colors in the Maryland flag should conform to the following Pantone Matching System colors:

red on coated stock: PMS 201

red on uncoated stock: PMS 193

yellow on coated stock: PMS 124

yellow on uncoated stock: PMS 124

QMRThe Maryland 400 were members of the 1st Maryland Regiment who repeatedly charged a numerically superior British force during the Battle of Long Island during the Revolutionary War, sustaining heavy casualties, but allowing General Washington to successfully evacuate the bulk of his troops to Manhattan. This action is commemorated in Maryland's nickname, the "Old Line State." A monument in Brooklyn and multiple plaques were put up in the memory of this regiment and the fallen soldiers.

Originally envisioned by Stanford White, it was described in the New York Times as a "monolith of Maryland granite with bronze tablets on the four sides".[16] The monument was built for $3,000 donated by private citizens, mostly Marylanders.[17] Currently enclosed by a wrought-iron fence, the Maryland 400 monument is a 27-foot Monument which faces southwest. It contains a 12-foot polished granite Corinthian pillar with a marble orb on top and backed by a semicircular stone wall.

QMRThe Big Four of Maryland Thoroughbred racing were four American Thoroughbred horse trainers who dominated horse racing in the state of Maryland in the 1960 and 70s and who helped modernize flat racing training.

The "Big Four" label evolved within the racing community and the media as a way to recognize the influence of trainers John J. Tammaro, Jr. (1925-2001), Richard E. Dutrow, Sr. (1937-1999), King T. Leatherbury (born 1933), and Hall of Fame inductee, Grover G. "Bud" Delp (1932-2006).

QMRMount Airy is a town located in Carroll and Frederick counties in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is part of both the Washington Metropolitan Area and Baltimore Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 census the population is 9,288.[5]

Outside of the city limits, the surrounding community is colloquially referred to as Mount Airy or the "Four-County Area" by locals. The "Four-County Area" derives its name from the fact that the community encompasses portions of Frederick, Carroll, Montgomery, and Howard counties.

QMRFour Locks is a former small community which is now part of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. It was once a thriving community of homes and businesses in Washington County, Maryland that supported the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal from the mid-19th century, until its closure in the 1920s. In its heyday, the small community consisted of two stores, two warehouses, a dry dock for boat repair, a school, and post office, plus about a dozen houses.

QMRVillage of Four Seasons is a village in Camden County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,217 at the 2010 census.

QMRThe University of Nebraska system is the public university system in the state of Nebraska, United States. Founded in 1869 with one campus in Lincoln, the system now has four university campuses and operates a two-year technical agriculture college.

University of Nebraska–Lincoln, which is the state's flagship, land-grant, Carnegie Research I/Research-Extensive university. Founded in 1869 as the University of Nebraska.

University of Nebraska Omaha, which is the state's public urban university. Founded in 1908 as Omaha University, the school joined the University of Nebraska system in 1968.

University of Nebraska at Kearney, which is the state's university especially focused on undergraduates, and in a smaller setting. Founded in 1905 as the Nebraska State Normal School at Kearney, the school joined the University of Nebraska system in 1991.

University of Nebraska Medical Center (located in Omaha). The medical school was founded in 1880, and it became a part of the University of Nebraska system in 1902.

Nebraska College of Technical Agriculture (located in Curtis, Nebraska), is managed by the University of Nebraska pursuant to an agreement.[3]

A four-legged chicken was born at Brendle Farms in Somerset, Pennsylvania, in 2005.[2] The story was carried on the major TV network news programs and USAToday. The bird was found living normally among the rest of the chickens after 18 months. She was adopted and named Henrietta by the farm owner's 13-year-old daughter, Ashley, who refuses to sell the chicken.[3] The second (hind) legs are fully formed but non-functional.

Four-legged ducks are occasionally hatched, such as 'Stumpy', an individual born in February 2007 on a farm in Hampshire, England. See also [2].

QMRIn July 2007 a child was born with four legs at the Lebowakgomo hospital outside Polokwane (South Africa)

QMROn February 3, 2013, a series of shootings began in Orange, Los Angeles and Riverside counties in California, United States, in which the victims were law enforcement officers and civilians (including law enforcement families and those who were misidentified as the suspect). Christopher Dorner, 33, an involuntarily terminated Los Angeles police officer, was named as a suspect wanted in connection with the series of shootings that killed four people and wounded three others. The rampage ended on February 12, 2013, when Dorner died during a standoff with police at a cabin in the San Bernardino Mountains.

The four different conceptions of God described in the book are the authoritative God, the benevolent God, the critical God and the distant God.[4]

BART's current focus is on improving service and reliability in its core system (where density and ridership is highest), rather than extensions into far-flung suburbia. These plans include: a line that would continue from the Transbay Terminal through the South-of-Market, northwards on Van Ness and terminating in western San Francisco along the Geary corridor, the Presidio, or North Beach; a line along the Interstate Highway 680 corridor; and a fourth set of rail tracks through Oakland.[38] However, BART maps still show a planned extension to Livermore, in the fringe of Alameda County, and the Antioch eBART extension is under costruction.

Further expansion has been proposed, contingent upon the allocation of funding. This includes the second phase of the Silicon Valley extension to downtown San Jose and Santa Clara, the Livermore extension, and 'wBART': I-80/West Contra Costa Corridor (extension to Hercules); in addition, at least four infill stations such as Irvington and Calaveras have been proposed.[39]

As of 2013, long-range plans included a new four-bore Transbay Tube beneath San Francisco Bay that would run parallel and south of the existing tunnel and emerge at the Transbay Transit Terminal to connect to Caltrain and the future California High Speed Rail system. The four-bore tunnel would provide two tunnels for BART and two tunnels for conventional/high-speed rail. The BART system and conventional U.S. rail use different and incompatible rail gauges and different loading gauges.[5]

QMRBART operates four types of cars, built from three separate orders, totaling 662 cars.[3]

Quadrant Model of Reality

Sunday, April 10, 2016

Quadrant Model of Reality Book 29 Art and Philosophy

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